Scarus spinus

Scarus spinus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Labriformes
Family:	Scaridae
Genus:	Scarus
Species:	S. spinus
Binomial name
	Scarus spinus; (Kner), 1868
Synonyms
	Callyodon kelloggii Jordan & Seale, 1906; Pseudoscarus spinus Kner, 1868;

Scarus spinus, the Greensnout parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish from the family Scaridae.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Description

Image of Fishes of Samoa - Jordan, David Starr; Seale, Alvin (1906)

Scarus spinus can reach a total length of about 30 cm (in males).^[4] These fishes have 10 dorsal soft rays, 3 anal spines and 9 anal soft rays. Males show a bright yellow head underwater, while females are drab with white teeth and some pale spots. Caudal fin is moderately to deeply emarginate in terminal phase. Lips largely cover dental plates.^[4]

Distribution and habitat

This species can be found on Christmas Island and from the Philippines to Samoa, the Ryukyu Islands and the southern Great Barrier Reef. The Greensnout parrotfish inhabits coral-rich areas of outer lagoon and seaward reefs, at a depth range 0 - 30 m.^[4]

Biology

It appears specialized in scraping crustose coralline algae with its jaw.^[5] It can change gender from female to male (hermaphroditic).^[6]

Bibliography

This article has been expanded using, inter alia, material based on a translation of an article from the Spanisch Wikipedia, by the same name.
Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, New Jersey,: T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, 1997.
Hoese, D.F. 1986. A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín,
Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, France. Vol. 2.
Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 2000.
Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3rd. ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1994.
Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2nd. edición, London: Macdonald.

External links

References

^ ^a ^b Randall, J.E. and J.H. Choat (1980) Two new parrotfishes of the genus Scarus from the Central and South Pacific, with further examples of sexual dichromatism., Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 70:383-419
^ Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene (1990) Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea., University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.
^ Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. Catalogue of life
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/4974 Fishbase
^ Nicholson, Georgina M.; Clements, Kendall D. (2022). "Scarus spinus, crustose coralline algae and cyanobacteria: An example of dietary specialization in the parrotfishes". Coral Reefs. 41 (5): 1465–1479. doi:10.1007/s00338-022-02295-y. hdl:2292/62414.
^ https://reefapp.net/en/encyclopedia/scarus-spinus Reefapp

[Ran-1] Randall, J.E. and J.H. Choat (1980) Two new parrotfishes of the genus Scarus from the Central and South Pacific, with further examples of sexual dichromatism., Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 70:383-419

[2] Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene (1990) Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea., University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.

[3] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. Catalogue of life

[FB-4] ttps://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/4974 Fishbase

[5] Nicholson, Georgina M.; Clements, Kendall D. (2022). "Scarus spinus, crustose coralline algae and cyanobacteria: An example of dietary specialization in the parrotfishes". Coral Reefs. 41 (5): 1465–1479. doi:10.1007/s00338-022-02295-y. hdl:2292/62414.

[6] ttps://reefapp.net/en/encyclopedia/scarus-spinus Reefapp

[2]

[3]

[4]

[1]

[5]

[6]