Sahiwal Division (Punjabi, Urdu: ساہیوال) is one of the nine Divisions of Punjab province, Pakistan.
Sahiwal Division
ساہیوال ڈویژن | |
|---|---|
.svg) Location of Sahiwal (in red) in Punjab, Pakistan and (inset) Punjab in Pakistan. | |
| Coordinates: 30°39′52″N 73°6′30″E / 30.66444°N 73.10833°E | |
| Country |  Pakistan |
| Province |  Punjab |
| Capital | Sahiwal |
| Established | 14 November 2008[1] |
| Districts | 3 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Divisional Administration |
| • Commissioner | Shoaib Iqbal |
| • Regional Police Officer | N/A |
| Area | |
| • Division | 10,302 km2 (3,978 sq mi) |
| Population (2023) | |
| • Division | 8,533,471 |
| • Density | 828.33/km2 (2,145.4/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,417,710 (28.33%) |
| • Rural | 6,115,761 |
| Combined population of all Districts of Sahiwal | |
| Main language(s) | |
| Literacy | |
| • Literacy rate |
|
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
| Postal code | 57000 |
| Dialling code | 040[3] |
| Website | sahiwaldivision |
History
editIt was formed by merging parts of Lahore Division and Multan Division and took its name Sahiwal from the district and city of the same name. On 14 November 2008, Sahiwal Division was reorganized into three districts: Sahiwal District, Okara District, and Pakpattan District. Sahiwal is the capital of the Sahiwal Division. In 1998, the population of Sahiwal was 6,271,247. The population rate of growth was 1.92 percent per annum.[4]
About 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Sahiwal is Harappa, an ancient city of the Indus Valley civilization. About 28 miles (45 km) west of Sahiwal, at Kamalia township, is the site of Malli, a city captured by Alexander the Great in 325 BCE. Alexander stayed in this region of Punjab for two years in a time of frequent military conflict.[5]
Location
edit
Sahiwal Division is located at about 30.6 degrees north latitude and 73.1 degrees longitude in east central Pakistan in the Punjab region. It lies on the Pakistan national highway N-5 about halfway between Lahore and Multan. Sahiwal division is bordered by Faisalabad Division to the west; Lahore Division to the north; Bahawalpur Division and India to the east; and, Multan Division to south.
Sahiwal division lies on the floodplain of two rivers. Ravi River lies to the west; and, Satluj River lies to the east. The dry Khushak Bias also passes through the Sahiwal Division, separating the Sahiwal District from the Pakpattan District.
The Sahiwal Division lies 500 ft (150 m) above sea level and stretches above 200m in some areas.
List of the Districts
edit| # | District | Headquarter | Area
(km²)[6] |
Pop.
(2023) |
Density
(ppl/km²) (2023) |
Lit. rate
(2023) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Okara | Okara | 4,377 | 3,515,490 | 802.2 | 60.25% |
| 2 | Pakpattan | Pakpattan | 2,724 | 2,136,170 | 785.3 | 57.13% |
| 3 | Sahiwal | Sahiwal | 3,201 | 2,881,811 | 900.6 | 64.77% |
List of the Tehsils
edit| # | Tehsil | Area
(km²)[7] |
Pop.
(2023) |
Density
(ppl/km²) (2023) |
Lit. rate
(2023) |
Districts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Depalpur | 2,502 | 1,592,201 | 636.37 | 55.29% | Okara District |
| 2 | Okara | 1,241 | 1,393,746 | 1,123.08 | 63.34% | |
| 3 | Renala Khurd | 634 | 529,543 | 835.24 | 66.98% | |
| 4 | Arifwala | 1,241 | 999,278 | 805.22 | 58.24% | Pakpattan District |
| 5 | Pakpattan | 1,483 | 1,136,892 | 766.62 | 56.11% | |
| 6 | Chichawatni | 1,591 | 1,155,978 | 726.57 | 65.25% | Sahiwal District |
| 7 | Sahiwal | 1,610 | 1,725,833 | 1,071.95 | 64.44% |
Climate
editIn the Köppen climate classification, Sahiwal has a Semi-arid climate. More precisely, it is intermediate between a Desert climate (BW) and a Humid subtropical climate.
Temperatures in Sahiwal vary between hot and very hot in summer and are mild in winters. In May, June and July, temperatures increase to maximums between 40 and 50 °C. In winter months, the temperature falls to minimums between 5 and 10 °C.
Sahiwal lies on the edge of the Thar Desert at a low altitude and so, wet seasons are warm and dry seasons are cool. Sahiwal is also affected by the monsoon. Precipitation is very heavy in the monsoon, and dry during the rest of the year, with few or no months bringing moderate levels of precipitation.
The annual average rainfall in Sahiwal is approximately 349 mm.[8]
The soil in Sahiwal is fertile. The vegetation is short and scrubby. The land supports grasses, shrubs and some forests.
Economy
editThe economy of Sahiwal Division depends on agriculture and associated industries. The largest crop is wheat, followed by cotton.
The Sahiwal cattle breed, a dairy breed of Zebu or "humped cattle" is grown in the region. This cattle breed is tick resistant, heat tolerant and resistant to external and internal parasites Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production, Sahiwal cattle are grown in other Asian countries, African nations such as Kenya, Burundi, Somalia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria and Caribbean nations such as Jamaica, and Guyana.[9][10][11][12][13]
Other livestock types that are grown in Sahiwal include sheep, and goat. Fish and poultry are also in abundant.
The Nili-Ravi is a breed of domestic water buffalo native to the Sahiwal area.
Education
editThe average urban literacy rate of Sahiwal Division (Sahiwal, Okara, and Pakpattan) is 60.7 percent. The average rural literacy rate is 33.8 percent.[14]
Demography
editAt the time of the 1998 Census in Pakistan, the population of Sahiwal Division was 6,271,247. The population density was 608 people per square kilometre. Forty-seven percent were female. Seventy-five percent lived in an urban environment. The urban literacy rate was 60.7 percent. The rural literacy rate was 33.8 percent.
According to 2017 census, Sahiwal division had a population of 7,378,065, which includes 3,769,226 males and 3,608,089 females. By the 2023 census, the population rose to 8,533,471.[15]
Notable people
edit- Fariduddin Ganjshakar (1179 CE - 1266 CE) known as "Baba Farid" (Punjabi: بابا فرید (Shahmukhi), was a 12th-century Sufi preacher and saint of the Chishti Order of South Asia. Ganjshakar is one of the first major poets of the Punjabi language, and is one of the pivotal saints of the Punjab region.
- Tufail Mohammad (1914 CE - 1958 CE) was a recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider, Pakistan's highest military award, for his contribution to the defence of Pakistan.
- Majeed Amjad (1914 CE - 1974 CE) was a writer of modern Urdu literature. He was educated at the Government College Lahore. He was inspired by the flora of Sahiwal. There is a park named for him.
- Abdus Salam (1926 CE - 1996 CE) was a theoretical physicist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics for his contribution to electroweak theory. He was born in Santokdas a village near haveli lakha tehsil depalpur where his maternal grand father was resided, raised in Jhang and is buried in Rabwah.[16]
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ "Commissioners housed in 9 Punjab divisions". GEO Television Network website. Archived from the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ^ "Literacy rate, enrolments, and out-of-school population by sex and rural/urban, CENSUS-2023" (PDF).
- ^ "National Dialing Codes". Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- ^ "Punjab Gateway". Government of Punjab, Pakistan website. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ^ Razak A. Punjabi Literary History of Sahiwal in Punjabi.
- ^ "TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, CENSUS-2023, PUNJAB" (PDF).
- ^ "TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, CENSUS-2023, PUNJAB" (PDF).
- ^ Climate Profile My Weather 2 website.
- ^ Handbook of Australian Livestock Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation,1989, third edition.
- ^ Genus Bos: Cattle Breeds of the World MSO-AGVET (Merck and Co., Inc.) Rahway, N.J. 1985.
- ^ Mason I. L. A World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties. C.A.B International 1996. fourth edition p. 273.
- ^ Sahiwal Cattle Oklahoma State University website
- ^ RCCSC Research Centre for Conservation of Sahiwal Cattle website.
- ^ Education Archived 21 December 2012 at archive.today Government of Pakistan.
- ^ https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/punjab/pcr/table_1.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Kibble T. W. "Muhammad Abdus Salam, K. B. E. (29 January 1926 – 21 November 1996)" in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society November 1998, Vol. 44 p. 386 - 401.