Matta rice (also known as Palakkadan/Kerala/Rose Matta rice, Kaje Rice in Karnataka, or Kuththarisi) (Malayalam: കേരള മട്ട, Tulu:കജെ അരി, Kannada: ಕಜೆ, ಕುಚಲಕ್ಕಿ, Tamil: குத்தரிசி, lit. 'Kuttarici') is an indigenous variety of rice grown in Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka, Palakkad district of Kerala, India and in Jaffna district of Northern Province, Sri Lanka.[1][2] It is known for its coarseness and health benefits. It is popular in Kerala and coastal Karnataka in India and Sri Lanka where it is used on a regular basis for idlies, appams and plain rice.
Origin
editPalakkadan matta rice was the choice of the royal families of Chola and Chera dynasties of India.[citation needed]
Kerala matta rice has been historically popular due to its rich and unique taste. It is used in preparations of rice-snacks like Kondattam, Murukku etc.[3] References to chunnila matta can be found in the work Rice in Kerala authored by Sri. P.C. Sahadevan and published by the Government of Kerala in 1966. The rice is mentioned in Tamil classics such as Thirukkural. Rice in the days of the Chera/Chola kingdoms was considered a royal food.
Cultivation and trade
editKerala matta rice is grown in Kerala, Karnataka in southern India and in northern Sri Lanka. Matta rice gives Kerala farmers a premium of Indian Rs. 300 for 500 kg of paddy. A three-year ban on the export of matta rice was partially lifted in February 2011, allowing 25,000 tonnes to be exported in 2011.[4]
Palakkadan matta rice is cultivated in the dense black cotton soil of Palakkad district in Kerala. The rice has a distinct earthly flavour because of the type of soil in which it is cultivated. These paddy fields are called 'poonthalpadam' and the soil contains a lot of clay and silt. Because of these qualities, this kind of paddy fields can retain more water.[5]
Characteristics
editThe grains are yellowish pink (from being parboiled) with reddish outer layers. Rose matta rice maintains its pink hue as well as its flavour on cooking. Like all brown or parboiled rice, red matta has a lengthy cooking time and requires extra water.[6]
Uniqueness
editPalakkadan matta rice is registered under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999 by the Palakkad Matta Farmers Producer Company Ltd.[7] It is a coarse variety of rice with bold grains and red pericarp. The rice has a unique taste.[7] The coarse rice with red pericarp by itself ensures high content of nutrients. Par-boiling of the rice further ensures retention of nutritional value. The grains are grown on unique black cotton or regar soil, derived from rocks rich in lime peculiar to Palakkad, also in Poonthalpadam where the soil is heavy, containing 60–80% of clay and silt and possess low permeability and high water holding capacity. These soils, the humid weather of Palakkad, easterly winds[7] that blow through the Palakkad gap and the rivers that flow from the Western Ghats.[clarification needed]
Preparation
editParboiled rice is harder than white rice and needs some thirty minutes of soaking before cooking.[8][9]
Matta rice is traditionally double cooked.[citation needed]
The rice is washed in a large pan and left to soak from 1 hour to overnight. The rice is drained and simmered with 4 to 8 parts water for 30 minutes. It is then covered and left for 15–20 minutes. The rice is then salted and boiled for another 15–20 minutes or until cooked. It is finally drained and left covered for a further 10–15 minutes before serving.[10]
Quality
editPaddy is thoroughly cleaned and destoned prior to boiling and drying process. Final finished rice is graded for removing brokens and again colour sorted in computerised sorting machines and well packed.[11]
Nutrition benefits
editPalakkadan Matta rice is more nutritious than white polished rice because parboiling before milling retains some nutrients.[12] One serving cup of 1/4 size can contain 160 calories and 1 gram of fiber.[citation needed] White rice doesn't contain any fibre. The brown outer layer of the Matta rice contains many nutrients. One cup of Matta rice can contain 84 milligrams of magnesium and one gram of calcium. It also contains vitamins.[citation needed]
E-commerce application by farmers
editSome farms have adopted technology to ship matta rice from the farm to customers.[11]
Adulteration
editA serious health hazard is the wide availability of artificially colored matta rice. The color added for this purpose can be harmful to the body. There are complaints that such varieties are widely distributed through the subsidized public distribution systems on which the poor depend heavily.[13]
See also
edit- Sadhya – a dish in Kerala cuisine sometimes prepared using matta rice[14]
- Nanjanagud banana
- Coorg orange
- Coorg Green Cardamom
References
edit- ^ "Recognition for two rice varieties". The Hindu. 17 March 2008. Archived from the original on 21 March 2008.
- ^ "தேசிய அறுவடைக்கு பிந்திய முகாமைத்துவ நிறுவனத்தின் 2020" (PDF). National Audit Office. 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
- ^ "Kerala exporters appeal against rice export ban". Sify. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
- ^ "Govt lifts export ban on certain rice, onion varieties". The Hindu Business Line. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ Krishnakumar, A.K.; Koshy, M.M. (1985). "Physical characteristics of the poonthalpadam soils of Kerala". Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala. 23 (2): 141–145.
- ^ "USDA ARS Online Magazine Vol. 50, No. 5".
- ^ a b c Kochhar, Sudhir (July 2008). "Institutions and Capacity Building for the Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights Regime in India: IV– Identification and Disclosure of IP Products for their IPR Protection in Plants and Animals". Journal of Intellectual Property Rights. CSIR: 336–343. ISSN 0975-1076.
- ^ "Travel Thursday #12 | Rosamatta Rice | Puzhukkalari | Chambaavari". 23 May 2008.
- ^ "Rosematta Rice And Dal". 30 October 2006.
- ^ Asiya Omar. "My Healthy Happy Kitchen". asiyama.blogspot.co.uk.
- ^ a b Shaji, K.A. (3 December 2015). "Rice app gets a 'bran' update". The Hindu.
- ^ Sylvia (14 June 2015). "Health benefits of Red Rice". HB times.
- ^ "Palakkad". 21 October 2014.
- ^ Tiwari, Nimisha (19 July 2018). "Flavours of India: Here's a look at a plethora of dishes that make festivals fun". The Economic Times. Retrieved 20 September 2018.