Psenulus is a genus of wasps in the family Psenidae. The 173 species are found worldwide, but are best represented in the Indomalayan realm with 68. The Palearctic has 26, the Nearctic 4, and the Australasian realm 3. Psenulus is largely absent from South America (1 species) and entirely absent from Melanesia and Polynesia.[1] A recent phylogenetic analysis provided strong evidence that this genus is the closest living relative to bees.[2]
| Psenulus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Psenulus fuscipennis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Superfamily: | Apoidea |
| Family: | Psenidae |
| Genus: | Psenulus Kohl, 1897 |
| Type species | |
| Psenulus fuscipennis (Dahlbohm, 1843)
| |
Species of Europe
edit- Psenulus berlandi Beaumont, 1937
- Psenulus concolor (Dahlbom, 1843)
- Psenulus cypriacus van Lith, 1973
- Psenulus fulvicornis (Schenck, 1857)
- Psenulus fuscipennis (Dahlbom, 1843)
- Psenulus hidalgo Guichard, 1990
- Psenulus laevigatus (Schenck, 1857)
- Psenulus meridionalis Beaumont, 1937
- Psenulus pallipes (Panzer, 1798)
- Psenulus schencki (Tournier, 1889)
References
edit- ^ Pulawski, Wojciech J. (2024) [2015]. "PSENULUS" (PDF). California Academy of Sciences Institute of Biodiversity. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ Peters, Ralph S.; Krogmann, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Donath, Alexander; Gunkel, Simon; Meusemann, Karen; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Petersen, Malte; Lanfear, Robert; Diez, Patricia A.; Heraty, John; Kjer, Karl M.; Klopfstein, Seraina; Meier, Rudolf; Polidori, Carlo; Schmitt, Thomas; Liu, Shanlin; Zhou, Xin; Wappler, Torsten; Rust, Jes; Misof, Bernhard; Niehuis, Oliver (2017). "Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1013–1018. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027. hdl:2434/801122. PMID 28343967.
External links
edit- Psenulus images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
- Catalog of Sphecidae California Academy of Sciences Institute of Biodiversity
- Matthews, Robert W (2000). "Nesting biology of the stem-nesting wasp Psenulus interstitialis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Pemphredoninae) on Magnetic Island, Queensland". Australian Journal of Entomology. 39 (1): 25–8. doi:10.1046/j.1440-6055.2000.00140.x.
- Yang, Hyeon-Woo; Kim, Jeong-Kyu (2010). "New Record of Psenulus carinifrons iwatai (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Pemphredoninae) in Korea". Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity. 26 (3): 361–3. doi:10.5635/KJSZ.2010.26.3.361.