Wikipedia

Phytobia


Phytobia is a genus of flies in the family Agromyzidae,[5] with a worldwide distribution principally in Europe and the Americas.[5]

Phytobia
Phytobia lateralis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Agromyzidae
Subfamily: Phytomyzinae
Genus: Phytobia
Lioy, 1864[1]
Type species
Agromyza errans
Meigen, 1830[2]
Synonyms

Description edit

All known larvae of Phytobia feed on the young xylem within stems of woody plants, creating concealed galleries that may reach considerable lengths (reportedly up to 17 m in P. betulae).[6][7] P. betulae lays its eggs on the bark of new-growth twigs of suitable birch trees and, after hatching, larvae tunnel downwards along the shoot within the differentiating xylem layer, sometimes reaching the base of the tree. Adults are small- to medium-sized flies (approximately 5 mm in the case of P. betulae).[6] Confirmed host plant families for Phytobia species include Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, and Cupressaceae in North America, Europe, and Australia, with Asteraceae also hypothesized to be a host family based on the finding of possible larval sign on the shrub Wedelia calycina in Guadeloupe.[6][7] Larval tunnels mar the appearance of certain woods used commercially, and thus may be of economic importance.[7]

Species edit

References edit

  1. ^ Lioy, P. (1864). "I ditteri distribuiti secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale da Paolo Lioy colla descrizione delle famiglie e dei generi, colla indicazione delle specie trovate indigene nell'Italia settentrionale o che per analogie geografiche sarà facile incontrarvi, e con osservazioni sulla loro storia naturale, compilate particolarmente sull'opera di Macquart, Histoire naturelle dei dipteres, e su altri studi propri e di più recenti entomologi [part]". Atti dell'Imperial Regio Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (3). 9 (5): 569–604.
  2. ^ a b Meigen, J. W. (1830). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. (Volume 6) (PDF) (in German). Schulz-Wundermann. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-09.
  3. ^ Enderlein, G. (1936). "Notizen zur Klassifikation der Agromyziden (Dipt.)". Mitteilungen der Deutsche Entomologische Gesellschaft. 7: 42.
  4. ^ Sasakawa, M. (1963). "Oriental Agromyzidae (Diptera) in Bishop Museum, part 1". Pacific Insects. 5: 23–50.
  5. ^ a b Spencer, Kenneth A. (1973). Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Economic importance Series Entomologica. Vol. 9. The Hague. D. Gld.: Dr. W. Junk bv. pp. xii + 418 p.
  6. ^ a b c Lieutier, François; Day, Keith R.; Battisti, Andrea; Grégoire, Jean-Claude; Evans, Hugh F. (2007). Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 534–537. ISBN 978-1-4020-2241-8.
  7. ^ a b c Sousa, Viviane Rodrigues de; Couri, Márcia Souto (2017-12-18). "Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species" (PDF). Zoologia. 34: 1–25. doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308. ISSN 1984-4689.
  8. ^ Walker, Frances (1853). Diptera. Part IV, pp. 253-474, pls. 7-8. In [Saunders, W. W. (ed.)], Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Sauders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Vol. 1. London: Van Voorst. pp. 1–474.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Sousa, V.R. de; Couri, M.S. (2017). "Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species". Zoologia. 34: 25 pp.
  10. ^ Greene, C.T. (1917). "Two new cambium miners (Diptera)". J. Agric. Res. 10: 313–318, 1 pl.
  11. ^ a b c Spencer, K.A. (1969). "The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada. 64: 311 pp.
  12. ^ a b c d Zlobin, V.V. (2002). "Contribution to the knowledge of Oriental species of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae)". Dipterological Research. 13 (1): 67–81.
  13. ^ Sasakawa, M. (2004). "A revision of Melanesian Agromyzidae (Diptera)". Scientific Reports of Kyoto Prefectural University Human Environment and Agriculture. 56: 75–100.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Sasakawa, M. (2013). "Thailand Agromyzidae (Diptera) – 3". The Science Reports of Kyoto Prefectural University Life and Environmental Sciences. 65: 9–37.
  15. ^ a b Spencer, K.A. (1965). "Notes on the African Agromyzidae (Diptera) - 6". Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. 28: 233–276.
  16. ^ a b c d Spencer, K.A. (1981). "A revisionary study of the leaf-mining flies (Agromyzidae) of California". Univ. Calif., Div. Agric. Sci., Spec. Publ. No. 3273: 489 pp.
  17. ^ Zetterstedt, J.W. (1848). Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descipta. Tomus septimus. Lundae [= Lund.].: Officina Lundbergiana. pp. 2581–2934.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h Spencer, K.A. (1977). "A revision of the Australian Agromyzidae (Diptera)". Western Austr. Mus. Spec. Publ. 8: 255 pp.
  19. ^ Malloch, J.R. (1934). "Acalyptrata (concl.)". Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 6: 393–489.
  20. ^ Spencer, K.A. (1961). "A synopsis of the Oriental Agromyzidae (Diptera)". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 113: 55–110.
  21. ^ a b Frost, S.W. (1936). "New Central American Agromyzidae". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 29: 298–318.
  22. ^ a b Spencer, K.A. (1977). "Notes on world Agromyzidae (Diptera), with the description of 16 new species". Beiträge zur Entomologie. 27: 233–254.
  23. ^ Sehgal, V.K. (1968). "Descriptions of new species of flies of the family Agromyzidae from Alberta, Canada (Diptera)". Quaestiones Entomologicae. 4: 57–88.
  24. ^ a b Spencer, K.A. (1959). "A synopsis of the Ethiopian Agromyzidae (Diptera)". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 111: 237–329.
  25. ^ Spencer, K.A. (1966). "Notes on the Oriental Agromyzidae - 4". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. 147: 15 pp.
  26. ^ Cerný, M. (2011). "Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the vicinity of the Kerkini Lake with descriptions of eight new species from Greece". Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 51 (1): 299–347.
  27. ^ Sasakawa, M. (2005). "The Neotropical Agromyzidae (Insecta: Diptera), Part 6. New or little-known species from El Salvador and Guatemala". Species Diversity. 10: 151–169.
  28. ^ Sasakawa, M. (1994). "Notes on the Japanese Agromyzidae (Diptera), 4. Two cambium borers of the genus Phytobia". Special Bulletin of the Essa Entomological Society. 2: 335–338.
  29. ^ Spencer, K.A. (1963). "The Australian Agromyzidae (Diptera, Insecta)". Records of the Australian Museum. 25: 305–354.
  30. ^ Malloch, J.R. (1918). "A partial key to species of the genus Agromyza (Diptera). Second Paper". The Canadian Entomologist. 50: 130–132.
  31. ^ Spencer, K.A. (1966). "Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the Bismarck Archipelago, with an appendix on some related species from the Oriental Region". Entomologisk Meddelelser. 34: 489–520.
  32. ^ Hendel, F. (1927). "Beiträge zur Systematik der Agromyziden. [10. Beitrag zur Blattminenkunde Europas.]". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 69: 248–271.
  33. ^ a b c d Spencer, K.A. (1966). "Notes on the Neotropical Agromyzidae (Diptera). 1". Papeis Avulsos. 19: 141–150.
  34. ^ Sasakawa, M. (1955). "New Agromyzidae from Japan, X. Species of the genus Phytomyza". Scientific Reports of the Saikyo University, Agriculture. 7: 62–72.
  35. ^ Sasakawa, M.; Tho, Y.P. (1988). "Agromyzidae of Malaysia (Part 1)". Kontyû. 56 (4): 853–866.
  36. ^ Hendel, F. (1920). "Die palaarktischen Agromyziden (Dipt.). (Prodromus einer Monographie)". Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A). (1918) 84 (7): 109–174, 1 pl.
  37. ^ Spencer, K.A. (1962). "Notes on the Oriental Agromyzidae (Diptera).-1". Pacific Insects. 4: 661–680.
  38. ^ Hendel, F. (1924). "Acht neue europäische Agromyziden (Dipt.)". Konowia. 3: 140-148.
  39. ^ a b Spencer, K.A.; Stegmaier, C.E. (1973). "Agromyzidae of Florida with a supplement on species from the Caribbean". Arthropods Florida. 7: iv + 205 pp.
  40. ^ a b c Sasakawa, M. (1992). "The Neotropical Agromyzidae (Diptera). Part 4. New or little-known species from Peru, Venezuela, Brazil and Bolivia". Reports of the Kyoto Prefectural University, Agriculture. 44: 1–33.
  41. ^ Spencer, K.A. (1977). "Agromyzidae in New Guinea". Pacific Insects. 17: 339–369.
  42. ^ Brischke, C.G.A. (1881). "Die Blattminierer in Danzig's Umgebung". Schr. Naturf. Ges. Danzig (N. S.). 5: 233–290.
  43. ^ Malloch, J.R. (1914). "Formosan Agromyzidae". Annales Historica-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 12: 306–336.
  44. ^ Spencer, K.A.; Steyskal, G.C. (1986). "Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States". Agriculture handbook (United States. Department of Agriculture). 638: vi + 478 pp. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  45. ^ Coquillett, D.W. (1902). "New acalyptrate Diptera from North America". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 10: 177–191. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  46. ^ Zlobin, V.V. (2008). "Review of the mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Western Palaearctic species". Zootaxa. 1725: 61–66.
  47. ^ Spencer, K.A. (1989). "Family Agromyzidae. In: Evenhuis, N.L. (ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions". Bishop Museum Special Publication. 86: 538–547.
  48. ^ Loew, H. (1869). "Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria octava". Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. 13: 1–52. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  49. ^ Malloch, J.R. . (1913). "A revision of the species in Agromyza Fallen, and Cerodontha Rondani (Diptera)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 6: 269–336. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  50. ^ Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. pp. 388pp., 4 pls.
  51. ^ Chen, X.L.; Wang, X.J. (2008). "A new species of the genus Nemorimyza Frey (Diptera, Agromyzidae) from China". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 33: 77–79.


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