The Periya Tirumoli (Tamil: பெரிய திருமொழி, romanized: Periya Tirumoḻi, lit. 'Grand sacred verses') is a work of Tamil Hindu literature, consisting of 1,084 hymns. It was written by the poet-saint Tirumangai Alvar.[1] It forms a part of the compilation of the hymns of the Alvars, called the Nalayira Divya Prabandham.[2][3]
| Periya Tirumoli | |
|---|---|
.jpg){kind=avatar} The Matsya avatar of Vishnu, extolled in this work. | |
| Information | |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Author | Tirumangai Alvar |
| Language | Tamil |
| Period | 9th–10th century CE |
| Verses | 1,084 |
Content edit
According to Sri Vaishnava tradition, Tirumangai Alvar converted to Vaishnavism due to the influence of his wife, Kumudavalli. He resorted to robbing the rich in order to feed and assist all those who shared his faith. Once, he attempted to rob a wedding party, not knowing that the bride and groom were Andal and Ranganatha. Unable to remove the beautiful toe-ring from the feet of the groom, he placed his head down, intending to bite it off the feet. He immediately realised that the feet were divine, and belonged to Vishnu himself. He gave up robbery, and composed the Periya Tirumoli to extol the deity after the latter taught him the Narayana mantra.[4]
The opening ten verses of the Periya Tirumoli describe how Tirumangai was transformed after the meaning of the Narayana mantra dawned on him, which Sri Vaishnavism tradition acknowledges as the quintessential nature of the Vedas. The Periya Tirumoli is the magnum opus of Tirumangai Alvar, a composition of devotional verses dwelling on the greatness of several Vaishnava shrines, and the auspicious attributes of God as experienced by a bhakti saint. There are also hymns that explore human suffering caused by bondage, and the ways of overcoming this concept, ultimately leading to the attainment of the Ultimate Reality. As Vedanta Desika puts it, "the Periya Tirumoli provides a deep insight into the spiritual knowledge (arivu taruṁ Periya Tirumoli)."[5]
Hymns edit
Tirumangai describes Vishnu's Matsya avatara with these verses:[6]
There was no higher ground;
Leaving not a spot uncovered,
the mighty flood swept high,
covering the prosperous lands
of the immortal ones.
The gods said:
we have no other refuge.
To be their fortress,
He, by his grace,
came as a fish.
The bowels (of the fish) shook in its haste,
the waves and waters of the ocean
crashed and rocked,
as he bore on his back the mountains
that scraped the skies.
My heart, do not forget
to worship this Lord.— Periya Tirumoli, Verse 11.4.1
The saint also wrote taniyans (stray verses) in this text: A torch that drives off the darkness/ignorance from the heart, good ambrosia against the poison (nañcukku) that is unending rebirth (ațankā nețum pirati, lit. non-shortening long birth), literature/exemplification of the five [that are] the topics (turaikal) of the good treatise about Tamil, the essence of the Āraṇam [i.e. the Veda), a spark of fire (analin pori) that burns (lit. for) the cotton (thread] of other schools of thought (paracamaya-p-pañcukku): [these are] the treatises of Parakālan [i.e. Tirumankai Ālvār).[7]
See also edit
| Topics in Tamil literature | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sangam Literature | ||
| Five Great Epics | ||
| Silappatikaram | Manimekalai | |
| Civaka Cintamani | Valayapathi | |
| Kundalakesi | ||
| The Five Minor Epics | ||
| Neelakesi | Culamani | |
| Naga Kumara Kaviyam | Udayana Kumara Kaviyam | |
| Yashodhara Kaviyam | ||
| Bhakti Literature | ||
| Naalayira Divya Prabandham | Kamba Ramayanam | |
| Tevaram | Tirumurai | |
| Tamil people | ||
| Sangam | Sangam landscape | |
| Tamil history from Sangam literature | Ancient Tamil music | |
| edit | ||
References edit
- ^ Hudson, D. Dennis (2008-09-25). The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram. Oxford University Press. p. 598. ISBN 978-0-19-970902-1.
- ^ Chari, S. M. Srinivasa (1997). Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-208-1342-7.
- ^ Richman, Paula (2001). Questioning Ramayanas: A South Asian Tradition. University of California Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-520-22074-4.
- ^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. p. 417. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- ^ Chari, S. M. Srinivasa (1997). Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-208-1342-7.
- ^ Bryant, Edwin F. (2007-06-18). Krishna: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-19-028756-6.
- ^ Brinkmann, Stefanie; Ciotti, Giovanni; Valente, Stefano; Wilden, Eva Maria (2021-07-05). Education Materialised: Reconstructing Teaching and Learning Contexts through Manuscripts. Section 3.3. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-074117-9.