The X Party (Spanish: Partido X) is a political party officially registered with the Spanish Ministry of Interior. The X Party registered towards the end of 2012, and appeared publicly at the beginning of 2013.[1] It was the first party to be founded by a group of people connected to the 15M movement and other free-culture movements.[2] The party supports a model of democracy that is participatory and monitored by everyday citizens, taking advantage of the political potential of tools available for digital communication.
X Party Partido X | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Simona Levi |
| Founded | 2012 |
| Ideology | E-democracy Direct democracy |
| Website | |
| partidox | |
Party X has been labeled by numerous researchers and specialized journalists as an "anti-party".[3][4][5][6][7] Its own members have publicly stated that it is an experimental project aimed at seeking innovative solutions, validating hypotheses and opening the electoral space to new forms of political participation.[8][9]
In the 2014 European elections, Party X obtained 100,115 votes[10] despite having obtained hardly any media coverage during the election campaign.[11][12] In response to this experience, the party published a report where it evaluated its participation to the elections.[8] Party X ceased to be active in the electoral arena in 2015 announcing itself as dormant, with no plans to run for election again for an indefinite period.[13][14]
Program
editIts program is based on four pillars: transparency in public management; governmental and legislative power for the people (Wikidemocracy); the right to a real and permanent vote; the application of a binding referendum process.[15]
Other characteristics of the X Party are: open electoral lists, the use of crowdfunding for financing, collaborative creation of the agenda, online publication of party's financial activity,[16] a lack of affiliated members and fees, the recognition of free software and creative commons licenses, organization in nodes and networks, the federation of competencies, sequential participation, the use of activist vocabulary and its technopolitical style.
History
editBackground
editThe majority of the founding members of the X Party actively participated in the 15M movement as it became known.[17] In May 2012, the 15MpaRato platform was created, a collective which would later become part of the X Party's Anticorruption Commission. This platform is part of the popular accusation involved in the judicial processes known as the Bankia case [link], The Bankia Preferential Shares case and the Blesa case. Some of the founding members of these collectives came together to form the X Party at the end of 2012 and beginning of 2013.[18]
Founding
editPartido X, Partido del futuro (X Party, Party of the Future) was registered in the Registry of Political Parties on 17 December 2012 and in November 2014, the name was modified to, and is currently registered as, the Red Ciudadana Partido X: Democracia y Punto (X Party Citizens' Network: Just Democracy).[19] The members of the party were presented at a public press conference on October 8, 2013.[20]
2014 European Parliamentary elections
editThe X Party ran for the May 2014 European parliamentary elections. The list was led by Hervé Falciani.[21] Other candidates on the list included Simona Levi, Raúl Burillo, and Juan Moreno Yagüe.[22][23] They obtained 100,561 votes, 0.64% of the total, which was insufficient to win parliamentary representation.[24]
Ideology
editThe X Party is a transversal initiative that cannot be defined ideologically merely on the left-right axis. Rather, it is a method. The party's website states that their goal is to use the party as a means to help move towards a more direct and participative form of democracy, one based on pragmatism and compromise, also known as a "pact of minimums".[25] Their working method is based on open source principles, free culture and free information.
Program
editThe X Party's program adapts to the competencies of the offices in the election in question. Up to this point, it has been adapted for the 2014 European parliamentary elections.[26]
The main axis of their proposal, Just Democracy, is based on 4 mechanisms to establish a true democracy where citizens have control over executive decisions and legislation. These mechanisms are:
- Transparency in public administration
- Government with citizen oversight (Wikigovernment: citizen participation in the handling of public matters) and citizen legislative power (Wikilegislation: elaboration of participatory and transparent legislation).
- The right to a real and permanent vote (for all citizens to have the right to vote, if they wish, on all of the laws that are debated in parliament).
- Binding and mandatory referendums
The X Party has developed two emergency plans that provide solutions to specific problems. These plans, known as the Emergency plan for overcoming the economic crisis [27][28] and the Specific Emergencies Plan,[29] include proposals for different sectors such as healthcare, education, science and R&D,[30] housing, energy and the information society. Both plans were based on contributions from organized Civil Society groups such as the Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (Platform for People Affected by Mortgages), the Asociación de Facultativos Especialistas de Madrid (Madrid Association of Medical Specialists), and more.
Organization
editThe X Party establishes an organizational structure inspired by the 90-9-1 principle: a structure with five levels based on degree of involvement.[31] Inspired by the nomenclature of free software, the levels are:
- Developers
- Hub (Kernel)
- Matrix
- Support
- AgendaX
This structure is kept open and flexible so that members can change their role according to different principals such as the level of involvement, proven ability, peer recognition, respect and the demands of common goals.[32]
Commissions
editThe X Party has created different commissions focused on specific themes in which groups of independent experts advise the party. These commissions are: Science and R&D, Education, Energy, Healthcare, Information Society, Housing and the Anticorruption Commission and Citizen Control of Financial Flow Commission. Members of these commissions include Manuel Castells,[33] Hervé Falciani and Raúl Burillo, as well as collectives such as 15MpaRato, the Spanish Society of Scientists in the UK (Spanish: Sociedad de Científicos Españoles en el Reino Unido) or CERU, the Spanish Society of Scientists in the Federal Republic of Germany (Spanish: Sociedad de Científicos Españoles en la República Federal de Alemania) or CERFA, the law firm Bufet Almeida and Xnet.[34]
Anticorruption Commission
editThis commission is composed of a group of citizens, activists, professionals and experts who work with, in collaboration or as integrated members, the X Party to create secure channels through which they can promote citizen observation. Using these methods, the Anticorruption Commission was able to leak Blesa's E-mails to the press, e-mails from the banker Miguel Blesa which were included in the Bankia case lawsuit.[35][36] The 'Black' Credit Cards scandal was uncovered as a result of these leaks and led the investigating judge to open a second suit which deals specifically with the scandal.[37][38]
Financing
editThe X Party is financed by donations and crowdfunding.
Selection process for the electoral lists
editThe X Party chose its candidates for the 2014 European parliamentary elections through an open and participative procedure that allowed citizens to propose candidates from outside of the party structure who were partnered with people from the organization to form the electoral list.[39][40][41] In the elections, the party received 0.64% of the votes and gained no seat.[42]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Nace el Partido X, una formación política que pretende "reiniciar el sistema" y "recuperar la democracia"". eldiario.es. 2 January 2013.
- ^ "...desde el ecosistema 15M, la propuesta partidista que primero llegó fue el Partido X." eldiario.es. June 2014.
- ^ Feenstra, Ramón A.; Keane, John (2014). "Politics in Spain: A Case of Monitory Democracy". Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. 25 (5): 1262–1280. doi:10.1007/s11266-014-9461-2. hdl:10234/125344. S2CID 255099651.
- ^ Boldvai-Pethes, Laura (17 April 2024). "The end of representative politics" (PDF). Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. 7 (1): 131–134. doi:10.14267/CJSSP.2016.01.10.
- ^ "Platform party between digital activism and hyper-leadership: The reshaping of the public sphere".
- ^ "Nace el partido-antipartido: el Partido X-Partido del Futuro" (in Spanish).
- ^ Keane, John; Feenstra, Ramón A. (June 2014). "Democracia monitorizada en España. Nuevas formas de participación política en el marco de la era digital" (in Spanish).
- ^ a b "Viaje a la tripas del sistema electoral" (in Spanish).
- ^ Elola, Joseba (14 January 2013). "Los experimentos descabellados son los que cambian la historia". El País (in Spanish).
- ^ "Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2014 - Partido X, Partido Del Futuro".
- ^ "Y aquí entra la tele" (in Spanish).
- ^ Medina, Miguel Ángel (5 June 2014). "De las tertulias televisivas al Parlamento Europeo". El País (in Spanish).
- ^ @Partido_X (3 January 2022). "Register" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 August 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Nota" (in Spanish).
- ^ "Program: Just Democracy". Partido X.
- ^ "El Partido X propone el 'wikigobierno' de Islandia y Brasil en su cita europea".
- ^ Hamilos, Paul (20 October 2013). "Partido X enters Spanish political ring to break up fight between left and right". The Guardian.
- ^ "El Partido X se reivindica como heredero del movimiento 15M".
- ^ "Registro de Partidos Políticos del Ministerio de Interior". Archived from the original on 21 June 2015.
- ^ "La 2 Noticias: minuto 5:50". 9 October 2013.
- ^ "Hervé Falciani, cabeza de lista del Partido X en las europeas". 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Falciani lidera la candidatura del Partido X a Bruselas". 29 January 2022.
- ^ "El número dos de las primarias del Partido X cede su puesto a Simona Levi". 31 March 2014.
- ^ "Quince partidos superaron los 100.000 votos aunque cinco de ellos sin escaño". 26 May 2014.
- ^ "Partido X: "Queremos desarrollar un método, no una ideología"". 8 January 2013.
- ^ "X Party's Method and Roadmap".
- ^ Roger, Maiol (December 2013). "El Partido X lanza su "plan de emergencia" para salir de la crisis". El País.
- ^ "Las siete recetas del Partido X para alcanzar la "Democracia Económica"". 22 September 2013.
- ^ "El Partido X busca cerrar su programa de mínimos con derechos constitucionales no respetados".
- ^ "Analizamos los programas de I+D para las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo". 19 May 2014.
- ^ "X Party: How does it work?".
- ^ "Ya nada será lo mismo" (PDF).
- ^ Martínez, Guillem (15 February 2014). "El Partido X se presenta en Barcelona". El País.
- ^ "X Party's independent commissions".
- ^ "El actual jefe de la Casa Real denunció a Blesa la "desvergüenza" de la fundación estrella de Aguirre". 11 December 2013.
- ^ "How Blesa's Emails came to light".
- ^ "Diez preguntas sobre las tarjetas 'black' de Caja Madrid". 5 October 2014.
- ^ "Con este correo "confidencial" empezó todo: texto íntegro sobre las tarjetas 'black' de Caja Madrid". 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Listas abiertas ciudadanas del Partido X: meritocracia o participación a la fuerza". 4 March 2014.
- ^ "La Red Ciudadana Partido X publica su programa definitivo para las elecciones europeas y la lista de ciudadanos que se prestan para el "Fogueo" con el que se consituirán las listas definitivas".
- ^ "Cualquier ciudadano podrá proponer a los candidatos del Partido X". 3 September 2013.
- ^ "Consulta de Resultados Electorales". Ministerio del Interior. Subsecretaría Dirección General de Política Interior. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2016.