U.S. Route 81 (US-81) is a north–south U.S. highway running through the central United States' Great Plains region, from Fort Worth, Texas to the U.S.–Canadian border at Pembina, North Dakota. A 229.28-mile (368.99 km) segment of the highway lies within the state of Oklahoma. US-81 crosses the Red River from Texas south of Terral, passing through several Oklahoma cities, such as Chickasha, El Reno, Kingfisher, and Enid, before entering Kansas north of Renfrow.
 U.S. Highway 81 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chisholm Trail Historic Route | ||||
 US 81 highlighted in red | ||||
| Route information | ||||
| Maintained by ODOT | ||||
| Length | 229.28 mi[1] (368.99 km) | |||
| Existed | December 7, 1926[2]–present | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| South end |  US 81 south of Terral | |||
| North end | US-81 south of Caldwell, KS | |||
| Location | ||||
| Country | United States | |||
| State | Oklahoma | |||
| Counties | Jefferson, Stephens, Grady, Canadian, Kingfisher, Garfield, Grant | |||
| Highway system | ||||
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The route of US-81 was originally served by the Chisholm Trail, which was used to drive cattle from Texas to Abilene, Kansas. US-81 was established as a primary route of the U.S. highway system at the time of the system's original designation. US-81 was established through Oklahoma on December 7, 1926.
Route description
editUS-81 enters the state of Oklahoma from Montague County, Texas by crossing a bridge across the Red River into Jefferson County. Just north of the river, the highway passes through Terral, its first Oklahoma town. The route takes a due north course north of Terral, with a Union Pacific rail line, which US-81 will parallel throughout its time in Oklahoma, lying just to the west of the highway, and the Red River running to the west of that.[3] US-81 has its first highway junction in Oklahoma in Ryan, where it serves as the western terminus of State Highway 32 (SH-32). North of Ryan, the highway begins paralleling Beaver Creek, a tributary of the Red River, and bypasses Sugden to the east. US-81 intersects US-70 on the southeastern outskirts of Waurika, the county seat of Jefferson County. As US-81 passes north of the town, it begins roughly following the course of Cow Creek, which spills into Beaver Creek in Waurika. The highway curves northeast to bisect Addington before returning to a due north course as it enters Stephens County.[4]
From the Jefferson–Stephens county line, US-81 takes a due north course to Comanche, where it meets SH-53. Upon leaving Comanche, US-81 curves northwest before resuming its course to the north, passing through the gap between Sunray and Empire City. The highway then enters Duncan, the Stephens County seat, where US-81 passes through town. Further north, an interchange offers travelers an opportunity to join the Duncan Bypass, which parallels US-81 to the west. At this same interchange, eastbound SH-7 toward Davis can be accessed, while westbound SH-7 forms a concurrency with the Duncan Bypass proceeding west of 16th Street. US-81 continues north through Duncan to the city's northern limit, where SH-7 is to the west, bound for Lawton. US-81 continues north, entering Marlow. In Marlow, the route serves as the western terminus of SH-29. US-81 then continues north out of Stephens County.[4]
The next county that US-81 serves is Grady County. The highway heads due north from the county line to the outskirts of Rush Springs, where its only business route continues north to serve the town. Mainline US-81 veers away to the west, bypassing Rush Springs. Along this bypass, the highway intersects SH-17. US-81 then reunites with its business loop as it leaves the Rush Springs area. The road runs just west of Agawam before coming to Ninnekah, where US-277 and SH-19 join US-81 in a concurrency. SH-19 splits away from US-81 further north in Ninnekah, while US-277 follows US-81 north into the city of Chickasha. On the south end of Chickasha, US-81/US-277 have an interchange with Interstate 44 (I-44), which at this point is following the H.E. Bailey Turnpike, a toll road serving southwestern Oklahoma. The two highways follow 4th Street north to downtown, where they split ways at Choctaw Avenue, which carries US-62 and SH-9; US-277 turns east along Choctaw, while US-81 turns west.[5] US-81, accompanied by US-62 and SH-9, proceeds west, crossing over the Stillwater Central Railroad as well as Line Creek.[3][4] On the west edge of Chickasha, US-81 splits away from US-62/SH-9, turning north as a two-lane highway. The route then crosses the Washita River and continues north through the incorporated town of Pocasset. Further north, in Minco, the highway begins a brief concurrency with SH-37. After one mile (1.6 km) following US-81, SH-37 splits away to the west, while SH-152 joins US-81 at the same intersection. The two highways then cross the Canadian River, the northern boundary of Grady County.[4]
Upon landing on the north shore of the Canadian River, US-81 and SH-152 enter Canadian County. The first Canadian County town they encounter is Union City, where SH-152 turns east toward Oklahoma City. US-81 continues due north, passing from Union City into the Canadian County seat, El Reno, where it comes to an interchange with I-40/US-270. This is also the beginning of Interstate 40 Business, which proceeds north along US-81. The two routes serve as the western terminus of SH-66, the successor route to the celebrated US-66. US-81 and I-40 Business turn northwest, heading into downtown El Reno along Rock Island Boulevard. Downtown, the highways turn west along Wade Street before turning back to the north on Choctaw Avenue. I-40 Business turns west onto Sunset Drive, while US-81 continues due north along Choctaw out of town.[5] As the highway continues north, it passes east of unincorporated Concho, and eleven miles (18 km) north of El Reno, the highway has an interchange with SH-3, forming the northwestern terminus of Oklahoma City's Northwest Expressway. SH-3 joins US-81, and the two highways head north into the town of Okarche.[6]
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Okarche straddles the Canadian–Kingfisher county line, and it is in Okarche that US-81 and SH-3 enter Kingfisher County.[7] After passing through the town, the two routes take a northeastern tack. As they approach the southern limits of the county seat, Kingfisher, they curve back to a due north course. In Kingfisher, the two highways intersect SH-33; SH-3 splits away from US-81 to turn west along SH-33 toward Watonga. US-81 continues north alone. Approximately five miles (8.0 km) north of Kingfisher, the road turns east, returning to a northerly course after about one mile (1.6 km). The highway then crosses the Cimarron River.[4] North of the river, the route runs along the west edge of Dover. It then continues north to Hennessey, where it intersects SH-51. From Hennessey, US-81 continues north into Garfield County.[6]
The first town that US-81 serves in Garfield County is Bison, an unincorporated place; the first incorporated town in the county is Waukomis, twenty miles (32 km) north of Hennessey.[6] From Waukomis, the highway proceeds north to Vance Air Force Base, which it passes just east of. The highway then enters the city of Enid, running along Van Buren Street. At its intersection with Owen K. Garriott Road, US-81 also intersects US-60 and US-412. While US-412 continues straight through the intersection, US-60 forms a concurrency with US-81. The two highways continue north, then curve northeast and begin following North 4th Street, which carries US-64, creating a three-route concurrency. US-60/US-64/US-81 head due north through the northern reaches of Enid, serving as the eastern terminus of SH-45. They then leave Enid and Garfield County.[5]
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The northernmost county US-81 serves in Oklahoma is Grant County. Still accompanied by US-60 and US-64, the route heads north from the county line for approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) before coming to a T intersection. Here, US-64 turns west, while US-81 turns east. After four miles (6.4 km), the highways come to the town of Pond Creek; here US-60 splits off toward Lamont, while US-81 heads north.[6] US-81 crosses the Salt Fork of the Arkansas River north of Pond Creek, then turns northeast, bypassing the town of Jefferson to the north. The highway then comes to the town of Medford, county seat of Grant County. In Medford, the road intersects SH-11. From here, US-81 continues angling northeast across northern Grant County, passing the town of Renfrow, the northernmost town in Oklahoma along US-81. The route then exits the state of Oklahoma, passing into Sumner County, Kansas, heading north toward Caldwell.[4]
History
edit
Prior to the establishment of the U.S. Highway System, US-81's general corridor through Oklahoma was the site of the Chisholm Trail, a principal route used on cattle drives from Texas to stockyards in Kansas.[8][9] With the introduction of the auto trails, this corridor was served by the Meridian Highway.[10] When the Oklahoma numbered highway system was established in 1925, the route that would eventually become US-81 was designated as State Highway 2.[11] The US-81 designation was applied the following year, on December 7, 1926.[2]
SH-81A
edit State Highway 81A | |
|---|---|
| Location | Duncan, Oklahoma |
| Length | 0.71 mi[12] (1,140 m) |
State Highway 81A is a short loop off of US-81 in the city of Duncan. This route is 0.71 miles (1.14 km) long.[disputed – discuss] The highway begins at the intersection of US-81 and 13th Street, following 13th Street north to SH-7. SH-81A then turns east along SH-7 to 9th Street, where it turns north again. SH-81A forms the western terminus of SH-7A at Main Street. It then turns west along Main Street until it intersects US-81 again at 16th Street. This is the northern terminus of SH-81A. The entire highway is unsigned.
Junction list
edit| County | Location | mi[5] | km | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red River | 0.00 | 0.00 |  US 81 south – Ringgold, Bowie | Continuation into Texas | |
| Texas–Oklahoma state line at the southern bank of the river | |||||
| Jefferson | Ryan | 10.3 | 16.6 |   SH-32 east (Washington Street) | Western terminus of SH-32 |
| Waurika | 20.2 | 32.5 |  US 70 | ||
| Stephens | Comanche | 35.2 | 56.6 |  SH-53 | |
| Duncan | 43.4 | 69.8 |  SH-81A | Southern terminus of SH-81A | |
| 44.0 | 70.8 |  SH-7 / Duncan Bypass | Interchange | ||
| 44.9 | 72.3 | SH-81A | Northern terminus of SH-81A | ||
| Marlow | 55.1 | 88.7 |  SH-29 | Western terminus of SH-29 | |
| Grady | Rush Springs | 63.3 | 101.9 |   US 81 Bus. north | Southern terminus of US-81 Bus. |
| 64.5 | 103.8 |  SH-17 | |||
| 65.9 | 106.1 | US 81 Bus. south | Northern terminus of US-81 Bus. | ||
| Ninnekah | 76.8 | 123.6 |    US 277 south / SH-19 west | Southern end of US-277/SH-19 concurrency | |
| 79.7 | 128.3 | SH-19 east | Northern end of SH-19 concurrency | ||
| Chickasha | 81.9 | 131.8 |   I-44 / H.E. Bailey Turnpike – Oklahoma City, Lawton | Interchange; I-44 exit 80 | |
| 83.8 | 134.9 |   US 277 north / US 62 / SH-9 east (Choctaw Avenue east) | Northern end of US-277 concurrency, Southern end of US-62/SH-9 concurrency | ||
| 85.5 | 137.6 | US 62 / SH-9 west | Northern end of US-62/SH-9 concurrency | ||
| Minco | 103.3 | 166.2 |  SH-37 east | Southern end of SH-37 concurrency | |
| 104.7 | 168.5 |  SH-37 / SH-152 west | Northern end of SH-37 concurrency, southern end of SH-152 concurrency | ||
| Canadian | Union City | 109.0 | 175.4 | SH-152 | Northern end of SH-152 concurrency |
| El Reno | 116.6 | 187.6 |    I-40 BL begins / I-40 – Oklahoma City, Amarillo | Interchange; I-40 exit 125; southern end of I-40 Bus. concurrency; eastern terminus of I-40 Bus. | |
| 117.1 | 188.5 | SH-66 east | Western terminus of SH-66; former US 66 east | ||
| 119.4 | 192.2 |  I-40 BL west (Sunset Drive) | Northern end of I-40 Bus. concurrency; former US 66 west | ||
| | 130.6 | 210.2 |  SH-3 east (Northwest Expressway) – Oklahoma City | Interchange; southern end of SH-3 concurrency | |
| Kingfisher | Kingfisher | 143.0 | 230.1 |  SH-3 west / SH-33 | Northern end of SH-3 concurrency |
| Hennessey | 161.5 | 259.9 |  SH-51 | ||
| Garfield | Enid | 180.6 | 290.6 |    US 60 west / US 412 (Owen K. Garriott Road) – Cherokee Strip Regional Heritage Center, Welcome Center | Southern end of US-60 concurrency; access to INTEGRIS Bass Baptist Health Center |
| Chestnut Road west | Interchange | ||||
| 184.6 | 297.1 |  US 64 east (4th Street) / US 60 west / US 81 south (Van Buren Bypass) | Interchange; northbound access to US-64 east via U-turn north of exit; southern end of US-64 concurrency | ||
| 186.0 | 299.3 |  SH-45 | Eastern terminus of SH-45 | ||
| Grant | | 200.0 | 321.9 | US 64 west | Northern end of US-64 concurrency |
| Pond Creek | 204.1 | 328.5 | US 60 east | Northern end of US-60 concurrency | |
| Medford | 215.2 | 346.3 |  SH-11 | ||
| | 230.0 | 370.1 | US-81 north – South Haven | Continuation into Kansas | |
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
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References
edit- ^ Oklahoma Department of Transportation (November 15, 2002). "State Highway System: Log of U.S. Highway 81" (PDF). Retrieved January 14, 2013.
- ^ a b Oklahoma Department of Transportation. "Memorial Dedication and Revision History, US 81". Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
- ^ a b Official State Map (PDF) (Map) (2011–12 ed.). Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Oklahoma Atlas and Gazetteer (Map). 1:200,000. DeLorme. 2006.
- ^ a b c d "U.S. Route 81 in Oklahoma" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
"U.S. Route 81 in Oklahoma" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved January 18, 2013. - ^ a b c d Official State Map (PDF) (Map) (2013–14 ed.). Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
- ^ Oklahoma Department of Transportation (2010–2011). Control Section Maps: Kingfisher County (PDF) (Map) (2010–2011 ed.). Scale not given. Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
- ^ Swift, Linda (April 29, 2011). "Follow the Chisholm Trail in Oklahoma". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
- ^ Worcester, Donald E. "Chisholm Trail". The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
- ^ Nebraska State Historical Society. "The Meridian Highway: From Canada to Mexico". Archived from the original on August 20, 2004. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Oklahoma State Highway System (PDF) (Map) (1925 ed.). Oklahoma State Highway Department. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
- ^ Oklahoma Department of Transportation (2010–2011). Control Section Maps: Stephens County (PDF) (Map) (2010–2011 ed.). Scale not given. Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
