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Mexico–North Korea relations

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The nations of Mexico and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) established diplomatic relations in 1980.[1] Both nations are members of the United Nations.

Mexico-North Korea relations
Map indicating locations of Mexico and North Korea

Mexico
North Korea

History

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Mexico and North Korea established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1980; 27 years after the end of the Korean War.[1] In 1993, North Korea opened an embassy in Mexico City.[1] Initial diplomatic relations between both nations were cordial. North Korea has collaborated in projects throughout Mexico, particularly in the Mexican states of Durango, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí and the State of Mexico.[1]

In 2003, relations between both nations came to a low when North Korea withdrew from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Since then, Mexico has repeatedly condemned all missile launches from North Korea. In June 2009, as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, Mexico voted in favor of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874 which imposed further economic and commercial sanctions on North Korea and encouraged UN member states to search North Korean cargo ships. In July 2014, a North Korean merchant ship called the Mu Du Bong ran aground and damaged nearly an acre of coral reefs near the Mexican state of Veracruz. Mexico detained the ship after discovering that it belongs to a blacklisted shipping firm.[2] The merchant ship was never released back to North Korea and in 2016 Mexico began scrapping the ship and released the crew members back to their home country.[3]

Throughout 2017, Mexico has condemned all missile launches from North Korea.[4] On 7 September 2017, the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared persona non grata the Ambassador of North Korea in Mexico, Kim Hyong-gil, and expelled him from the country within 72 hours. This decision followed the sixth nuclear test carried out by Pyongyang.[5]

On 12 June 2018, through a statement from the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Mexican government considered the meeting held between the President of the United States, Donald Trump and the North Korean Leader, Kim Jong-un to be of great importance for peace between the two nations.[6] In December of that same year, Kim Yong-nam, President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea arrived in Mexico City to attend the inauguration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[7]

In September 2020, Mexican President López Obrador accepted the credentials of the new resident North Korean Ambassador, Sun-Ryong Song, to Mexico.[8]

Bilateral Agreements

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Both nations have signed a few bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Education and Cultural Cooperation (2008) and an Agreement of Cooperation in Public Health and Traditional Medicine (2009).[9][1]

Trade

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In 2023, total trade between both nations amounted to US$459 thousand.[10] Mexico's exports to North Korea include: essential oils used for soaps, perfumes and waxing; inorganic luminophore, splints and fracture appliances. North Korea's exports to Mexico include: acrylic polymers, glass, plastic, photographic and cinematographic equipment, insecticides and pasta.[10]

In 2015, Mexico was North Korea's most important trading partner in Latin America with purchasing 1% of North Korea's total exports.[11]

 
The Embassy of North Korea in Mexico City

Diplomatic missions

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See also

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Diplomatic agrément/ Diplomatic accreditation Ambassador Observations Leader of North Korea Head of state of Mexico Term end
September 4, 1980 *The governments in Pyongyang and Mexico City established diplomatic relations.[1] Kim Il Sung José López Portillo
February 1, 1983 Pak Yong-se Pak Yong-se, 28 New DPRK Ambassador to Mexico Pak Yongse presents his credentials to President Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado.[14] Kim Il Sung Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado
March 1, 1988 Pak Jung-guk (†October 1, 1996) since Oct. 28, 1987 residence in Havana, concurrently Ambassador to Mexico and Venezuela.[15] Kim Il Sung Carlos Salinas de Gortari
September 20, 1993 Kim Sung-ryong North Korean Ambassador to Mexico Kim Sung-ryong told an in interview with the Mexican press on September 22 that the North Korean embassy in Mexico opened on September 20, 1993.[16] Kim Jong Il Carlos Salinas de Gortari
February 16, 1998 Kim Chang-shik North Korean Ambassador to Mexico Kim Chang-shik was deported February 13 by the Mexican government in connection with recent cocaine smuggling involving two North Korean diplomats residing in Mexico.[17] Kim Jong Il Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León
January 1, 2003 Ri Kang-se Kim Jong Il Vicente Fox Quesada
February 14, 2005 So Jae-myong Feb. 14 The Korean Central News Agency says that the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly appoints him as ambassador to Mexico, replacing Ri Kang-se.[18] Kim Jong Il Vicente Fox Quesada
December 5, 2011 Kun Song-an DPRK Ambassador to Mexico An Kun Song (An Ku'n-so'ng) greets Mexico's new president Enrique Peña Nieto.[19] Kim Jong Un Felipe Calderón
June 21, 2016 Kim Hyong-gil [5] Kim Jong Un Enrique Peña Nieto September 8, 2017
September 29, 2020 Sun-Ryong Song [8] Kim Jong Un Andrés Manuel López Obrador Current

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Relaciones diplomáticas México-Corea del Norte - pages 30-32 (in Spanish)
  2. ^ North Korea Blames U.S. for Blocking Release of Ship Held by Mexico
  3. ^ Mexico declares N. Korean ship abandoned, will sell for scrap
  4. ^ México condena enérgicamente el ensayo nuclear de Corea del Norte (in Spanish)
  5. ^ a b Mexico expels North Korean ambassador over nuclear tests
  6. ^ México da la bienvenida al encuentro entre los líderes de Estados Unidos y Corea del Norte (in Spanish)
  7. ^ Inicia el arribo de invitados internacionales a toma de posesión de Andrés Manuel López Obrador
  8. ^ a b Presidente recibe cartas credenciales de 17 embajadoras y embajadores (in Spanish)
  9. ^ Bilateral agreements between Mexico and North Korea (in Spanish)
  10. ^ a b Data México: North Korea
  11. ^ BBC: Vino chileno o petróleo mexicano: las sorprendentes relaciones comerciales entre América Latina y Corea del Norte (in Spanish)
  12. ^ Embassy of Mexico in South Korea
  13. ^ Embassy of North Korea in Mexico City
  14. ^ North Korea Quarterly. Institute of Asian Affairs. 1983. p. 72.
  15. ^ Seoul, Yonhap News Agency (2002-12-27). North Korea Handbook. M.E. Sharpe. p. 875. ISBN 978-0-7656-3523-5.
  16. ^ North Korea News. Naewoe Press. 1993. p. 6.
  17. ^ Belke, Thomas Julian (1999). Juche: A Christian Study of North Korea's State Religion. Living Sacrifice Book Company. ISBN 978-0-88264-329-8.
  18. ^ Vantage Point. Naewoe Press. 2005. pp. 60–63.
  19. ^ "Protocolo" (PDF). 3W Mexico. 2017-09-09. p. 62. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-09. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
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