The numero sign or numero symbol, № (also represented as Nº, No̱, № , No. or no.),[1][2] is a typographic abbreviation of the word number(s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. For example, using the numero sign, the written long-form of the address "Number 29 Acacia Road" is shortened to "№ 29 Acacia Rd", yet both forms are spoken long.
| № | |
|---|---|
Numero sign | |
| In Unicode | U+2116 № NUMERO SIGN (№) |
| Related | |
| See also | U+0023 # NUMBER SIGN |
Typographically, the numero sign combines as a single ligature the uppercase Latin letter ⟨N⟩ with a usually superscript lowercase letter ⟨o⟩, sometimes underlined, resembling the masculine ordinal indicator ⟨º⟩. The ligature has a code point in Unicode as a precomposed character, U+2116 № NUMERO SIGN.[3]
The Oxford English Dictionary derives the numero sign from Latin numero, the ablative form of numerus ("number", with the ablative denotations of "by the number, with the number"). In Romance languages, the numero sign is understood as an abbreviation of the word for "number", e.g. Italian numero, French numéro, and Portuguese and Spanish número.[4]
This article describes other typographical abbreviations for "number" in different languages, in addition to the numero sign proper.
Usages
editThe numero sign's non-ligature substitution by the two separate letters ⟨N⟩ and ⟨o⟩ is common. A capital or lower-case "n" may be used, followed by "o.", superscript "o", ordinal indicator, or the degree sign; this will be understood in most languages.
Bulgarian
edit
In Bulgarian the numero sign is often used and it is present in three widely used keyboard layouts accessible with Shift-0 in BDS and prBDS and with Shift-3 on the Phonetic layout.
English
editIn English, the non-ligature form No. is typical and is often used to abbreviate the word "number".[2] In North America, the number sign, #, is more prevalent. The ligature form does not appear on British or American QWERTY keyboards.
French
editThe numero symbol is not in common use in France and does not appear on a standard AZERTY keyboard. Instead, the French Imprimerie nationale recommends the use of the form "no" (an "n" followed by a superscript lowercase "o"). The plural form "nos" can also be used.[5] In practice, the "o" is often replaced by the degree symbol (°), which is visually similar to the superscript "o" and is easily accessible on an AZERTY keyboard.
Indonesian and Malaysian
edit"Nomor" in Indonesian and "nombor" in Malaysian; therefore "No." is commonly used as an abbreviation with standard spelling and full stop.
Italian
edit
The sign is usually replaced with the abbreviations "n." or "nº", the latter using a masculine ordinal indicator, rather than a superscript "O".[6]
Philippine languages
editBecause of more than three centuries of Spanish colonisation, the word número is found in almost all Philippine languages. "No." is its common notation in local languages as well as English.
Portuguese
editIn Portugal, the similar-looking notation n.º is often used.[7] In Brazil, where Portuguese is the official language, nº is often used on official documents.[8] In both cases, the symbol used (º) is the masculine ordinal indicator. However, the Brazilian National Standards Organization (ABNT) determines that the word "número" should be abbreviated "n." only.
Russian
edit
Although the letter ⟨N⟩ is not in the Cyrillic alphabet, the numero sign № is typeset in Russian publishing, and is available on Russian computer and typewriter keyboards.
The numero sign is very widely used in Russia and other post-Soviet states in many official and casual contexts. Examples include usage for law and other official documents numbering, names of institutions (hospitals, kindergartens, schools, libraries, organization departments and so on), numbering of periodical publications (such as newspapers and magazines), numbering of public transport routes, etc.
"№ п/п" (номер по порядку, "sequential number") is universally used as a table header to denote a column containing the table row number.
The № sign is sometimes used in Russian medical prescriptions (which according to the law must be written in Latin language[9]) as an abbreviation for the Latin word numero to indicate the number of prescribed dosages (for example, tablets or capsules), and on the price tags in drugstores and pharmacy websites to indicate number of unit doses in drug packages, although the standard abbreviation for use in prescriptions is the Latin N.
Spanish
editThe numero sign is not typically used in Iberian Spanish, and it is not present on standard keyboard layouts. According to the Real Academia Española[10] and the Fundéu BBVA,[11] the word número (number) is abbreviated per the Spanish typographic convention of letras voladas ("flying letters"). The first letter(s) of the word to be abbreviated are followed by a period; then, the final letter(s) of the word are written as lowercase superscripts. This gives the abbreviations n.o (singular) and n.os (plural). The abbreviation "no." is not used (it might be mistaken for the Spanish negative word no). The abbreviations nro. and núm. are also acceptable. The numero sign, either as a one-character symbol № or composed of the letter N plus superscript "o" (sometimes underlined or substituted by ordinal indicator º), is common in Latin America, where the interpolated period is sometimes not used in abbreviations.
Nr.
editIn some languages, Nr., nr., nr or NR is used instead, reflecting the abbreviation of the language's word for "number". In German, which capitalises all nouns and abbreviations of nouns, the word Nummer is abbreviated as Nr. Lithuanian uses this spelling as well, and it is usually capitalised in bureaucratic contexts, especially with the meaning "reference number" (such as sutarties Nr., "contract No.") but in other contexts it follows the usual sentence capitalisation (such as tel. nr., abbreviation for telefono numeris, "telephone number"). It is commonly lowercase in other languages, such as Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Estonian and Swedish. Some languages, such as Polish, omit the dot in abbreviations if the abbreviation ends with the last letter of the original word.
Typing the symbol
editIt is common to replace the numero symbol with the abbreviation "No.". If the symbol is available, it is possible to make a better simulation with a superscript letter o, "No"; or the masculine ordinal indicator, "Nº"; or the degree symbol, "N°".[12]
On Russian computer keyboard layout, the № character is available and often located on the 3 key.
In macOS, the character can be typed as ⇧ Shift+⌥ Option+; with some keyboard layouts.
In X11 (and Linux) systems the character can be typed using Compose⇧ Shift+No. Alternatively standard XIM style can be used: Ctrl+⇧ Shift+u2116↵ Enter.
In Microsoft Windows the sequence Alt+8470 may work.
In HTML, the numero sign № can be expressed with the HTML entity №.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "no. or No". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
- ^ a b The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press. 2008. ISBN 9780199548415.
- ^ "Letterlike Symbols" (PDF). Unicode Consortium.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionaries – Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar". askoxford.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2006.
- ^ Lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l'Imprimerie nationale (in French). Imprimerie nationale. 2002. ISBN 978-2-7433-0482-9.
- ^ "La corrispondenza italiana: abbreviazioni". Archived from the original on 2010-06-14. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
- ^ For example, "Lei da Nacionalidade (Consolidado)" [Law of Nationality (consolidated)] (in Portuguese). Diário da República. Portuguese official legislation Web site, with frequent use of "n.º".
- ^ For example, Decree no. 9.199, of 20 November 2017, Government of Brazil (in Portuguese). Brazilian presidency Web site, with frequent use of "nº".
- ^ Order of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation No. 4N, chapter I, article 17.
- ^ "¿Cuál es la abreviatura de "número"?" (in Spanish). Real Academia Española. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
- ^ "número, abreviatura". Fundéu BBVA. 23 February 2006. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- ^ "The Unicode Standard 5.0 — 15.2 Letterlike Symbols" (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. 2007. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
Implementations interworking with legacy data should be aware of [...] alternative representations for the numero sign when converting data.