Nicolas Delespine (1642 in Paris – December 1729 in Paris) was a French master mason, entrepreneur and architect. He belonged to a dynasty of Parisian master masons.
Biography
editThe dynasty of Parisian master masons and contractors was established by Simon Delespine (around 1600-1675), adviser to the king, general master of his buildings and of the French bridges and roads.[1][2]
The genealogy of the architects Delespine was studied by Mireille Rambaud. Their family tree is given in "Documents du minutier central concernant l'histoire de l'art", volume II, 1971, published by the Archives Nationales. Several members of the family have the same first names - Alexandre, Nicolas, Pierre, Jules - and they should not be misidentified.
Nicolas II Delespine is often mistaken with his cousin, Nicolas I Delespine, son of Simon Delespine, or with Pierre-Nicolas Delespine, son of Nicolas I Delespine.
In 1676 he was one of the contractors carrying out the works of modernization of the judicial premises of the Grand Châtelet conceived by Libéral Bruant. In the same year he built a pavilion in the Hôpital des Enfants-Trouvés for Aligre's chancellor, Élisabeth Lhuillier, in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine. For this person he built the Chapel of Mercy in this hospital.
Delespine has distinguished himself more as an expert juror than as a builder. In July 1690 he bought an office as an expert bourgeois architect which he kept until his death. He appears on the list of 25 expert sworn architects whose offices were created by the edicts of May and December 1690, or "Édits de création des Experts"[3] and published in the Royal Almanac from 1701.[4]
In 1702, Delespine tendered the works of Jules Hardouin-Mansart at place Vendôme. He visited the rotunda of Valois in the abbey of Saint-Denis with Jean Beausire and concluded to the need to demolish it. In 1702 and 1704, he made with Lemaistre the expertise of the building of the Hotel des mousquetaires noirs erected by Jean Beausire and Charles Lemaire, in the faubourg Saint-Antoine.[5]
He erected houses in the rue Sainte-Anne, rue de Cléry, rue Thérèse, rue des Moulins.
In the Procès-verbaux de l'Académie royale d'architecture, Henry Lemonnier distingues two Delespine, father and son, members of the Académie royale d'architecture.[6] This distinction between two Delespine comes from the fact that this name appears both in the first and second classes without chronological logic. Before the reform of the Academy imposed by the letters patent of April 1717,[7] the organization of the Academy allowed non-members to participate in meetings of the Academy and to sign the minutes. A Delespine is a member of the 2nd class of the academy in 1699. Nicolas II Delespine was appointed member of the 1st class of the Academy of Architecture by increasing the number of architects of the 1st class, in 1706[8] at the same time as Libéral Bruant and Pierre Cailleteau called "Lassurance". He signed the minutes of 1717. He was listed as a 2nd class architect in 1718. He was presented to be appointed architect of the 1st class on 4 March 1720 but was not chosen by the king.[9]
His death was announced during the session of the Academy of Architecture on 5 December 1729.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Michel Le Moel, Gérard de Nerval et le château Gaillard du Pont-Neuf, p. 247, Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France, 1990 Read online
- ^ The maître général des bâtiments du roi, ponts et chaussées de France and guard of the royal justice established for the masonry of France at the Palace, is the heir to the functions of the former King's Master Mason. Originally, he was also the guard of the profession and was responsible for ensuring the integrity of the profession. He presided over the reception of the masons at the master's level, of the master masons at the jury office, and he appointed the experts in charge of the periodic visit of the building sites. As judge of masons and contractors, he could intervene in the event of contravention of the clauses of a contract or defects. He was also an aid to the great voyers. This office was unique until 1645, when the king decided to create two other charges to sell them. He then had in addition to the Master General, two charges of alternative and triennial Master General.
- ^ Antoine Desgodetz, Les loix des bâtiments, suivant la coutume de Paris; traitant de ce qui concerne les servitudes réelles, les rapports des jurés-experts, les réparations locatives, douairières, usufruitières, bénéficiales, &tc. Avec les notes de M. Goupy, p. 28-30, Paris, 1748 Read online
- ^ Almanach royal pour l'année 1701, p. 1, chez Laurent D'Houry Read online
- ^ Isabelle Dérens, L'hôtel des mousquetaires au faubourg Saint-Antoine, p. 140-142, Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France, 1990 Read online
- ^ Henry Lemonnier, Procès-verbaux de l'Académie Royale d'Architecture, 1671-1793, volume IV 1712-1726, p. XXVII-XXVIII, Édouard Champion, Paris, 1915 Read online
- ^ Henry Lemonnier, Procès-verbaux de l'Académie Royale d'Architecture, 1671-1793, volume IV 1712-1726, p. 335-347, Édouard Champion, Paris, 1915 Read online
- ^ Henry Lemonnier, Procès-verbaux de l'Académie Royale d'Architecture, 1671-1793, volume III 1697-1711, p. 239, Jean Schemit, Paris, 1913 Read online
- ^ Henry Lemonnier, Procès-verbaux de l'Académie Royale d'Architecture, volume IV, p. 191.
- ^ Henry Lemonnier, Procès-verbaux de l'Académie Royale d'Architecture, 1671-1793, volume V 1727-1743, p. 50, Édouard Champion, Paris, 1918 Read online
Bibliography
edit- Henry Lemonnier, W. Viennot, Procès-verbaux de l'Académie royale d'architecture, tome X, Table générale, p. 89, Librairie Armand Colin, Paris, Read online
- Mireille Rambaud, Une famille d'architectes : Les Delespine, p. 1-62, Archives de l'art français, Nouvelle période, tome XXIII, 1968
- Michel Gallet, Les architectes parisiens. Dictionnaire biographique et critique, p. 179-180, éditions Mengès, Paris, 1995 ISBN 978-2-8562-0370-5
- Henry Jouin, Notes sur divers artistes des deux derniers siècles. Contrat de mariage de Pierre de L'Espine et de Pierrette Hardouin, p. 49, Revue de l'art français ancien et moderne, 1891 Read online
- La grande encyclopédie : inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres et des arts, volume 13, Cotesbach-Dellden, p. 1179, H. Lamirault et Cie éditeurs, Paris Read online
External links
edit- Archives nationales : Inventaire après décès de (Pierre)-Nicolas Delespine, architecte juré expert, dressé en sa demeure, rue de Cléry, et dans sa maison de Croissy près de Chatou, à la requête de Pierre Delespine, contrôleur des bâtiments du roi, demeurant ordinairement à la machine de Marly, et de Marie-Anne-Françoise Gabriel, femme de Jean-Baptiste Dulac, écuyer, sieur de Besse, demeurant rue de Cléry, dans la maison du défunt, (par représentation de défunte Marie-Anne Delespine, sa mère, femme de Jacques Gabriel, écuyer, contrôleur des bâtiments du roi), héritiers de Nicolas Delespine et de défunte Judith Fresseins, leurs parents et grands-parents (20 December 1729)
- Archives nationales : Mireille Rambaud, Documents du minutier central concernant l'histoire de l'art, volume I, 1964
- Archives nationales : Mireille Rambaud, Documents du minutier central concernant l'histoire de l'art, volume II, 1971
