In molecular biology, mir-221 microRNA (and its paralogue, mir-222) is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
| mir-221 | |
|---|---|
 Conserved secondary structure of mir-221 | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | mir-221 |
| Rfam | RF00651 |
| miRBase family | MIPF0000051 |
| HGNC | 31601 |
| OMIM | 300568 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | microRNA |
| Domain(s) | Eukaryota; Vertebrata; |
| PDB structures | PDBe |
mir-221 is an oncogenic microRNA.[1] It targets CD117, which then prevents cell migration and proliferation in endothelial cells.[2][3] miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA.[4][2] Recent important studies have reported that miR-221 is also involved in induction of angiogenesis.[5][6][7] RNA induced Silencing Complex (RISC) proteins SND1 and AEG-1 induces miR-221 expression in Liver cancer.[8] In liver cancer miR-221 induces the tumor angiogenesis.[5] miR-221 detection in human faeces can be a non-invasive screening marker for colorectal cancer.[9]
miR-221 has been identified as playing a role in androgenetic alopecia.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Pang, Y; Young, CY; Yuan, H (15 June 2010). "MicroRNAs and prostate cancer". Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 42 (6): 363–9. doi:10.1093/abbs/gmq038. PMID 20539944.
- ^ a b Urbich, C; Kuehbacher, A; Dimmeler, S (1 September 2008). "Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis". Cardiovascular Research. 79 (4): 581–8. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn156. PMID 18550634.
- ^ Vasilatou, D; Papageorgiou, S; Pappa, V; Papageorgiou, E; Dervenoulas, J (1 January 2010). "The role of microRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis". European Journal of Haematology. 84 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01348.x. PMID 19744129. S2CID 46395419.
- ^ Kuehbacher A, Urbich C, Dimmeler S (2008). "Targeting microRNA expression to regulate angiogenesis". Trends Pharmacol Sci. 29 (1): 12–15. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.10.014. PMID 18068232.
- ^ a b Santhekadur PK, Das SK, Gredler R, Chen D, Srivastava J, Robertson C, Baldwin AS, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2012). "Multifunction protein staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through novel pathway that involves nuclear factor κB and miR-221". J Biol Chem. 287 (17): 13952–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.321646. PMC 3340184. PMID 22396537.
- ^ Nicoli S, Knyphausen CP, Zhu LJ, Lakshmanan A, Lawson ND (2012). "miR-221 is required for endothelial tip cell behaviors during vascular development". Dev Cell. 22 (2): 418–429. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.008. PMC 3285411. PMID 22340502.
- ^ Le Bot, Nathalie (2 April 2012). "MicroRNAs in angiogenesis". Nat. Cell Biol. 14 (4): 342. doi:10.1038/ncb2484. S2CID 45572115.
- ^ Yoo BK, Santhekadur PK, Gredler R, Chen D, Emdad L, Bhutia S, Pannell L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2011). "Increased RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepatology. 53 (5): 1538–48. doi:10.1002/hep.24216. PMC 3081619. PMID 21520169.
- ^ Yau, T. O.; Wu, C. W.; Dong, Y.; Tang, C.-M.; Ng, S. S. M.; Chan, F. K. L.; Sung, J. J. Y.; Yu, J. (28 October 2014). "microRNA-221 and microRNA-18a identification in stool as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma". British Journal of Cancer. 111 (9): 1765–71. doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.484. ISSN 0007-0920. PMC 4453736. PMID 25233396.
- ^ Li K, Sun Y, Liu S, Zhou Y, Qu Q, Wang G, Wang J, Chen R, Fan Z, Liu B, Li Y, Mao X, Hu Z, Miao Y (2023). "The AR/miR-221/IGF-1 pathway mediates the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia". Int J Biol Sci. 19 (11): 3307–23. doi:10.7150/ijbs.80481. PMC 10367565. PMID 37496996.
Further reading
edit- Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang A, Wang Y, Han L, You Y, Pu P, Kang C (2010). "PUMA is a novel target of miR-221/222 in human epithelial cancers". Int J Oncol. 37 (6): 1621–6. doi:10.3892/ijo_00000816. PMID 21042732.
- Pu XX, Huang GL, Guo HQ, Guo CC, Li H, Ye S, Ling S, Jiang L, Tian Y, Lin TY (2010). "Circulating miR-221 directly amplified from plasma is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer and is correlated with p53 expression". J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 25 (10): 1674–80. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06417.x. PMID 20880178. S2CID 34881675.
- Kedde M, van Kouwenhove M, Zwart W, Oude Vrielink JA, Elkon R, Agami R (2010). "A Pumilio-induced RNA structure switch in p27–3' UTR controls miR-221 and miR-222 accessibility". Nat Cell Biol. 12 (10): 1014–20. doi:10.1038/ncb2105. PMID 20818387. S2CID 205286991.
- Zhang CZ, Zhang JX, Zhang AL, Shi ZD, Han L, Jia ZF, Yang WD, Wang GX, Jiang T, You YP, Pu PY, Cheng JQ, Kang CS (2010). "MiR-221 and miR-222 target PUMA to induce cell survival in glioblastoma". Mol Cancer. 9: 229. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-9-229. PMC 2939570. PMID 20813046.
- Dai R, Li J, Liu Y, Yan D, Chen S, Duan C, Liu X, He T, Li H (2010). "miR-221/222 suppression protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via p27(Kip1)- and MEK/ERK-mediated cell cycle regulation". Biol Chem. 391 (7): 791–801. doi:10.1515/BC.2010.072. PMID 20624000. S2CID 23085890.
- Chun-Zhi Z, Lei H, An-Ling Z, Yan-Chao F, Xiao Y, Guang-Xiu W, Zhi-Fan J, Pei-Yu P, Qing-Yu Z, Chun-Sheng K (2010). "MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 regulate gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and radioresistance by targeting PTEN". BMC Cancer. 10: 367. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-367. PMC 2914702. PMID 20618998.
- Das SK, Sokhi UK, Bhutia SK, Azab B, Su ZZ, Sarkar D, Fisher PB (2010). "Human polynucleotide phosphorylase selectively and preferentially degrades microRNA-221 in human melanoma cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (26): 11948–53. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10711948D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914143107. PMC 2900648. PMID 20547861.
- Chen Y, Banda M, Speyer CL, Smith JS, Rabson AB, Gorski DH (2010). "Regulation of the expression and activity of the antiangiogenic homeobox gene GAX/MEOX2 by ZEB2 and microRNA-221". Mol Cell Biol. 30 (15): 3902–13. doi:10.1128/MCB.01237-09. PMC 2916411. PMID 20516212.
- Wurz K, Garcia RL, Goff BA, Mitchell PS, Lee JH, Tewari M, Swisher EM (2010). "MiR-221 and MiR-222 alterations in sporadic ovarian carcinoma: Relationship to CDKN1B, CDKNIC and overall survival". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 49 (7): 577–584. doi:10.1002/gcc.20768. PMC 2869465. PMID 20461750.
- Zhang C, Han L, Zhang A, Yang W, Zhou X, Pu P, Du Y, Zeng H, Kang C (2010). "Global changes of mRNA expression reveals an increased activity of the interferon-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway by repression of miR-221/222 in glioblastoma U251 cells". Int J Oncol. 36 (6): 1503–12. doi:10.3892/ijo_00000637. PMID 20428775.
- Gabbianelli M, Testa U, Morsilli O, Pelosi E, Saulle E, Petrucci E, Castelli G, Giovinazzi S, Mariani G, Fiori ME, Bonanno G, Massa A, Croce CM, Fontana L, Peschle C (2010). "Mechanism of human Hb switching: a possible role of the kit receptor/miR 221–222 complex". Haematologica. 95 (8): 1253–60. doi:10.3324/haematol.2009.018259. PMC 2913072. PMID 20305142.
- Frenquelli M, Muzio M, Scielzo C, Fazi C, Scarfò L, Rossi C, Ferrari G, Ghia P, Caligaris-Cappio F (2010). "MicroRNA and proliferation control in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: functional relationship between miR-221/222 cluster and p27". Blood. 115 (19): 3949–59. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-11-254656. PMID 20203269.
- Zhang J, Han L, Ge Y, Zhou X, Zhang A, Zhang C, Zhong Y, You Y, Pu P, Kang C (2010). "miR-221/222 promote malignant progression of glioma through activation of the Akt pathway". Int J Oncol. 36 (4): 913–920. doi:10.3892/ijo_00000570. PMID 20198336.
- Fu X, Wang Q, Chen J, Huang X, Chen X, Cao L, Tan H, Li W, Zhang L, Bi J, Su Q, Chen L (2010). "Clinical significance of miR-221 and its inverse correlation with p27(Kip1) in hepatocellular carcinoma". Mol Biol Rep. 38 (5): 3029–35. doi:10.1007/s11033-010-9969-5. PMID 20146005. S2CID 24880277.
- Hu G, Gong AY, Liu J, Zhou R, Deng C, Chen XM (2010). "miR-221 suppresses ICAM-1 translation and regulates interferon-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression in human cholangiocytes". Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 298 (4): G542–50. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00490.2009. PMC 2853302. PMID 20110463.
- Zhao P, Fu Z, You YP, Lu XM, Lu AL, Liu N (2009). "[Construction and screening an effective anti-miR-221 RNAi vector in vitro]". Sichuan da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 40 (6): 973–7. PMID 20067101.
- Zhang CZ, Kang CS, Pu PY, Wang GX, Jia ZF, Zhang AL, Han L, Xu P (2009). "[Inhibitory effect of knocking down microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 on glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo]". Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 31 (10): 721–6. PMID 20021821.
- Pineau P, Volinia S, McJunkin K, Marchio A, Battiston C, Terris B, Mazzaferro V, Lowe SW, Croce CM, Dejean A (2010). "miR-221 overexpression contributes to liver tumorigenesis". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (1): 264–9. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107..264P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907904107. PMC 2806773. PMID 20018759.
- Sredni ST, Bonaldo Mde F, Costa FF, Huang CC, Hamm CA, Rajaram V, Tomita T, Goldman S, Bischof JM, Soares MB (2010). "Upregulation of mir-221 and mir-222 in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors: potential therapeutic targets". Childs Nerv Syst. 26 (3): 279–283. doi:10.1007/s00381-009-1028-y. PMID 20012062. S2CID 25199512.
- Zhang C, Wang G, Kang C, Du Y, Pu P (2009). "[Up-regulation of p27(kip1) by miR-221/222 antisense oligonucleotides enhances the radiosensitivity of U251 glioblastoma]". Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 26 (6): 634–8. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2009.06.006. PMID 19953484.
- Cardinali B, Castellani L, Fasanaro P, Basso A, Alemà S, Martelli F, Falcone G (2009). Ng IO (ed.). "Microrna-221 and microrna-222 modulate differentiation and maturation of skeletal muscle cells". PLOS ONE. 4 (10): e7607. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7607C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007607. PMC 2762614. PMID 19859555.
- Lu Q, Lu C, Zhou GP, Zhang W, Xiao H, Wang XR (2009). "MicroRNA-221 silencing predisposed human bladder cancer cells to undergo apoptosis induced by TRAIL". Urol Oncol. 28 (6): 635–641. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.06.005. PMID 19767219.
- Kotani A, Ha D, Hsieh J, Rao PK, Schotte D, den Boer ML, Armstrong SA, Lodish HF (2009). "miR-128b is a potent glucocorticoid sensitizer in MLL-AF4 acute lymphocytic leukemia cells and exerts cooperative effects with miR-221". Blood. 114 (19): 4169–78. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-12-191619. PMC 2774553. PMID 19749093.
- Gramantieri L, Fornari F, Ferracin M, Veronese A, Sabbioni S, Calin GA, Grazi GL, Croce CM, Bolondi L, Negrini M (2009). "MicroRNA-221 targets Bmf in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlates with tumor multifocality". Clin Cancer Res. 15 (16): 5073–81. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0092. PMC 3900721. PMID 19671867.
- Sun T, Yang M, Kantoff P, Lee GS (2009). "Role of microRNA-221/-222 in cancer development and progression". Cell Cycle. 8 (15): 2315–6. doi:10.4161/cc.8.15.9221. PMID 19625765. S2CID 2636213.
- Spahn M, Kneitz S, Scholz CJ, Stenger N, Rüdiger T, Ströbel P, Riedmiller H, Kneitz B (2010). "Expression of microRNA-221 is progressively reduced in aggressive prostate cancer and metastasis and predicts clinical recurrence". Int J Cancer. 127 (2): 394–403. doi:10.1002/ijc.24715. PMID 19585579. S2CID 23769033.
- Terasawa K, Ichimura A, Sato F, Shimizu K, Tsujimoto G (2009). "Sustained activation of ERK1/2 by NGF induces microRNA-221 and 222 in PC12 cells". FEBS J. 276 (12): 3269–76. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07041.x. PMID 19438724. S2CID 36686669.
- Zhang C, Kang C, You Y, Pu P, Yang W, Zhao P, Wang G, Zhang A, Jia Z, Han L, Jiang H (2009). "Co-suppression of miR-221/222 cluster suppresses human glioma cell growth by targeting p27kip1 in vitro and in vivo". Int J Oncol. 34 (6): 1653–60. doi:10.3892/ijo_00000296. PMID 19424584.
- Minami Y, Satoh M, Maesawa C, Takahashi Y, Tabuchi T, Itoh T, Nakamura M (2009). "Effect of atorvastatin on microRNA 221 / 222 expression in endothelial progenitor cells obtained from patients with coronary artery disease". Eur J Clin Invest. 39 (5): 359–367. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02110.x. PMID 19371267. S2CID 205291066.
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- Felicetti F, Errico MC, Segnalini P, Mattia G, Carè A (2008). "MicroRNA-221 and -222 pathway controls melanoma progression". Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 8 (11): 1759–65. doi:10.1586/14737140.8.11.1759. PMID 18983236. S2CID 2438171.
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- Miller TE, Ghoshal K, Ramaswamy B, Roy S, Datta J, Shapiro CL, Jacob S, Majumder S (2008). "MicroRNA-221/222 confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by targeting p27Kip1". J Biol Chem. 283 (44): 29897–903. doi:10.1074/jbc.M804612200. PMC 2573063. PMID 18708351.
- Fornari F, Gramantieri L, Ferracin M, Veronese A, Sabbioni S, Calin GA, Grazi GL, Giovannini C, Croce CM, Bolondi L, Negrini M (2008). "MiR-221 controls CDKN1C/p57 and CDKN1B/p27 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncogene. 27 (43): 5651–61. doi:10.1038/onc.2008.178. PMID 18521080. S2CID 19800498.
- Felicetti F, Errico MC, Bottero L, Segnalini P, Stoppacciaro A, Biffoni M, Felli N, Mattia G, Petrini M, Colombo MP, Peschle C, Carè A (2008). "The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-microRNA-221/-222 pathway controls melanoma progression through multiple oncogenic mechanisms". Cancer Res. 68 (8): 2745–54. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2538. PMID 18417445.
- Visone R, Russo L, Pallante P, De Martino I, Ferraro A, Leone V, Borbone E, Petrocca F, Alder H, Croce CM, Fusco A (2007). "MicroRNAs (miR)-221 and miR-222, both overexpressed in human thyroid papillary carcinomas, regulate p27Kip1 protein levels and cell cycle". Endocr Relat Cancer. 14 (3): 791–8. doi:10.1677/ERC-07-0129. PMID 17914108.
- le Sage C, Nagel R, Egan DA, Schrier M, Mesman E, Mangiola A, Anile C, Maira G, Mercatelli N, Ciafrè SA, Farace MG, Agami R (2007). "Regulation of the p27(Kip1) tumor suppressor by miR-221 and miR-222 promotes cancer cell proliferation". The EMBO Journal. 26 (15): 3699–3708. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601790. PMC 1949005. PMID 17627278.
- Galardi S, Mercatelli N, Giorda E, Massalini S, Frajese GV, Ciafrè SA, Farace MG (2007). "miR-221 and miR-222 expression affects the proliferation potential of human prostate carcinoma cell lines by targeting p27Kip1". J Biol Chem. 282 (32): 23716–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M701805200. PMID 17569667.
External links
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