# Mean arterial pressure

In medicine, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) is an average blood pressure in an individual during a single cardiac cycle.[1]

## Calculation

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) is represented mathematically by the formula:mean arterial pressure

R = ΔP/Q[2]

R is TPR. ΔP is the change in pressure across the systemic circulation from its beginning to its end. Q is the flow through the vasculature (equal to cardiac output)

In other words:

Total Peripheral Resistance = (Mean Arterial Pressure - Mean Venous Pressure) / Cardiac Output

Therefore, Mean arterial pressure can be determined from:[3]

${\displaystyle MAP=(CO\cdot SVR)+CVP}$

where:

## Estimation

While MAP can only be measured directly by invasive monitoring it can be approximately estimated using a formula in which the lower (diastolic) blood pressure is doubled and added to the higher (systolic) blood pressure and that composite sum then is divided by 3 to estimate MAP. In patients with sepsis, the vasopressor dosage may be titrated based on estimated MAP.[4]

This is only valid at normal resting heart rates during which ${\displaystyle MAP}$  can be approximated using the measured systolic (${\displaystyle SP}$ ) and diastolic (${\displaystyle DP}$ ) blood pressures:[5][6][7]

${\displaystyle MAP\simeq DP+{\frac {1}{3}}(SP-DP)}$

or equivalently

${\displaystyle MAP\simeq {\frac {2}{3}}(DP)+{\frac {1}{3}}(SP)}$

or equivalently

${\displaystyle MAP\simeq {\frac {(2\times DP)+SP}{3}}}$

or equivalently

${\displaystyle MAP\simeq DP+{\frac {1}{3}}PP}$

where ${\displaystyle PP}$  is the pulse pressure, ${\displaystyle SP-DP}$

At high heart rates ${\displaystyle MAP}$  is more closely approximated by the arithmetic mean of systolic and diastolic pressures because of the change in shape of the arterial pressure pulse.

For a generalized formula of ${\displaystyle MAP}$ :

${\displaystyle MAP\simeq DP+0.01\times \exp(4.14-40.74/HR)(SP-DP)}$

Where HR is the heart rate.[8]

## Clinical significance

${\displaystyle MAP}$  is considered to be the perfusion pressure seen by organs in the body.

It is believed that a ${\displaystyle MAP}$  that is greater than 70 mmHg is enough to sustain the organs of the average person. ${\displaystyle MAP}$  is normally between 65 and 110 mmHg.[9] MAP may be used similarly to Systolic blood pressure in monitoring and treating[clarification needed] for target blood pressure. Both have been shown advantageous targets for sepsis, major trauma, stroke, intracranial bleed, and hypertensive emergencies.[10]

If the ${\displaystyle MAP}$  falls below this number for an appreciable time, vital organs will not get enough oxygen perfusion, and will become hypoxic, a condition called ischemia.

9. ^ impactEDnurse (May 31, 2007). "mean arterial pressure". impactednurse.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-12. Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help)