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The Maratha invasion of Rajputana (1800–1820) was a significant chapter in Indian military history in which Rajputana again faced the invasion of Marathas. The Marathas and the Rajputs collided in a series of engagements and battles. Maratha, under Daulatrao Shinde, Bapuji shinde, Yashwantrao Holkar, Amir Khan invaded Rajputana in order to collect chauth.[2][1][3]
| Maratha Invasion of Rajputana (1800-1820) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Shrimant Daulatrao Shinde | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Maratha Empire |
 Jodhpur State Kingdom of Mewar | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Bapuji Shinde Daulatrao Shinde Amir Khan Yashwantrao Holkar Mohammad Shah Khan |
 Sawai Jagat SinghRao Chand SinghKhushali Ram BohraSawai Pratap Singh Sawai Singh †Abhey Singh Man Singh of Marwar Indraj Singh †Vyas Denoth †Bhim Singh of MewarKrishna Kumari (princess) † | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Less | Heavy | ||||||
Background edit
Marathas under various commanders of the empire, invaded Rajputana for the purpose of collecting chauth. A series of military conflicts took place between them. Some wars took place before 1808, but the majority of battles took place after the Second Anglo Maratha war, where the Marathas invaded Rajputana to recover the economic losses they faced in the war against the British. This war lasted nearly a decade, until 1820. Marathas sacked Rajputana, received a huge tribute, and forced Rajputs to sign a subsidiary alliance with the British.[2][1]
List of Major Conflicts edit
| Maratha victory | Rajput victory |
The table below lists some of the major military conflicts between the Marathas And Rajputs.
| Year | Conflicts | Marathas Commander | Rajput Commander | Locations | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1800 | Battle of Malpura | Daulatrao Shinde | Sawai Pratap Singh | Rajasthan | Rajputs defeated by Daulatrao shinde[4] |
| 1808 | First invasion of Jaipur | Unknown commandar send by bapuji shinde | Rao Chand Singh | Jaipur | Marathas retreated[1] |
| 1808 | Second invasion of Jaipur | Bapuji Shinde | Rao Chand Singh | Jaipur | Marathas defeated rajputs and Rao Chand Singh fled[2][1] |
| 1808 | Second invasion of Jaipur | Bapuji Shinde | Unknown | Jaipur | Marathas Capture Beawar and kushalgarh[1] |
| April 1809 | Third invasion of Jaipur | Daulatrao Shinde | Khushali Ram bhora | Jaipur | Marathas were given tribute of 2.3 lakhs[1] |
| 1808 | Capture of Nagor | Amir Khan | Sawai Jagat Singh | Rajasthan | Four commandars and more than 500 rajputs were murdered then Amir Khan captured Nagor[1] |
| March 1809 | Battle of Kumbhalnar | Amir Khan | Unknown commandar of jodhpur | Jodhpur | Amir khan didn't succeed in capturing it but was given a tribute of 70,000 to avoid invasion[1] |
| April 1810 | Siege of Dankola | Amir Khan | Sawai Jagat Singh | Shahpura | Rajput failed to repulse Marathas tribute was paid[1] |
| March 1811 | Siege of Sambhar | Muhammad Shah Khan | Sawai Jagat Singh | Rajasthan | Rajput being surrounded by Marathas surrender and agreed to pay tribute[1] |
| May 1811 | Battle of Khetri | Muhammad Shah Khan | Abhey Singh | Rajasthan | Abhey Singh defeated Muhammad Shah Khan he fled to Amir Khan[1] |
| December 1811 | Fourth invasion of Jaipur | Amir Khan and thakur Megh Singh | Sawai Jagat Singh | Jaipur | Rebelled Rajputs and Marathas under Amir Khan defeated Sawai Jagat Singh and Amir Khan got a huge tribute[1] |
| 1812 | Battle of Rajmahal | Amir Khan | Sawai Jagat Singh | Jaipur | Amir Khan was defeated[1] |
| 1813 | Battle of Madhoograh | Amir Khan | Sawai Jagat Singh | Jaipur | Realising the threat of Amir Khan Jagat Singh surrender and agreed to pay 12 lakhs[1] |
| 1813 | Invasion of bapuji shinde | Bapuji Shinde | Sawai Jagat Singh and musser sheo Narayan | Jaipur | Bapuji plundered and destroyed majority of Rajputana and then agreed to leave when they promised a tribute of 50,000[1] |
| 1813 | Capture of Ajmer | Bapuji Shinde | Unknown | Ajmer | Bapuji Shinde encamped and captured Ajmer[1] |
| 1820 | Attack on Ajmer, Ratamal, Sailana | Bapuji Shinde | Unknown | Ajmer | Political Maratha Victory the states paid chauth[2] |
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Saxena, r k (1957). Maratha Relations With The Major States Of Rajputana. pp. 195–241.
- ^ a b c d Chaurasia, R. S. (2004). History of the Marathas. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 108–111. ISBN 978-81-269-0394-8.
- ^ Dr. G.r. Parihar (1937). Marwar And The Marathas Part Ii. pp. 214–230.
- ^ Gupta, R. K.; Bakshi, S. R. (2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). Sarup & Sons. p. 261. ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8.