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Manning's Law describes the combination of principles that need to be balanced in the design and growth of universal linguistic dependencies. These dependencies are used to describe and model syntactic relations, for all languages.[1][2] This supports natural language processing, and is a major topic, with its own event, thousands of linguistics and AI researchers working with and on it, and widely-adopted.[3] The law was put forward by Christopher D. Manning.
The Six Directives edit
Manning's Law has been described as consisting of six directives,[4] which may not necessarily all apply simultaneously, and are often in conflict to some degree:
- UD needs to be satisfactory for analysis of individual languages.
- UD needs to be good for linguistic typology.
- UD must be suitable for rapid, consistent annotation.
- UD must be easily comprehended and used by a non-linguist.
- UD must be suitable for computer parsing with high accuracy.
- UD must provide good support for downstream NLP tasks.
Manning's Law is not the six criteria in themselves, but rather the statement that it is easy to improve UD with respect to a single criterion but hard to improve UD with respect to all criteria at once.
References edit
- ^ de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine; Manning, Christopher D.; Nivre, Joakim; Zeman, Daniel (13 July 2021). "Universal Dependencies". Computational Linguistics. 47 (2): 255–308. doi:10.1162/coli_a_00402. S2CID 219304854.
- ^ Nivre, Joakim; de Marneffe, M.C.; et al. (2016). "Universal dependencies v1: A multilingual treebank collection" (PDF). Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC).: 1659–1666.
- ^ "Universal Dependencies". Universal Dependencies. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ^ "Tutorial on Universal Dependencies at EACL 2017" (PDF). Universal Dependencies. Retrieved 28 August 2018.