MRPS21

28S ribosomal protein S21, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS21 gene.

MRPS21
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3J9M
Identifiers
Aliases	MRPS21, MRP-S21, RPMS21, MDS016, mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21, 28S ribosomal protein S21, mitochondrial
External IDs	OMIM: 611984; MGI: 1913542; HomoloGene: 45365; GeneCards: MRPS21; OMA:MRPS21 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) Band 1q21.2 Start 150,293,861 bp End 150,308,979 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse) Band 3|3 F2.1 Start 95,769,946 bp End 95,778,831 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium myocardium of left ventricle lateral nuclear group of thalamus pons sperm pancreatic ductal cell skin of arm Brodmann area 23 renal medulla external globus pallidus Top expressed in right kidney interventricular septum muscle of thigh plantaris muscle cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle extensor digitorum longus muscle skeletal muscle tissue extraocular muscle yolk sac dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function structural constituent of ribosome RNA binding Cellular component mitochondrial inner membrane ribosome mitochondrion mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit Biological process mitochondrial translational elongation mitochondrial translational termination mitochondrial translation protein biosynthesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 54460 66292 Ensembl ENSG00000266472 ENSMUSG00000054312 UniProt P82921 P58059 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_031901 NM_018997 NM_078479 NM_001355759 RefSeq (protein) NP_061870 NP_114107 NP_510964 NP_001342688 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 150.29 – 150.31 Mb Chr 3: 95.77 – 95.78 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and assist protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q. Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein.

Further reading

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.

• Zhang Z, Gerstein M (2003). "Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome". Genomics. 81 (5): 468–80. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00004-1. PMID 12706105.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, et al. (2001). "The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders". Genomics. 77 (1–2): 65–70. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6622. PMID 11543634.
• Suzuki T, Terasaki M, Takemoto-Hori C, et al. (2001). "Proteomic analysis of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of protein components in the 28 S small subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (35): 33181–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103236200. PMID 11402041.
• Cavdar Koc E, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, et al. (2001). "The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19363–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100727200. PMID 11279123.
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, et al. (1997). "Large-Scale Concatenation cDNA Sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.