Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide

Luteinizing hormone subunit beta also known as lutropin subunit beta or LHβ is a polypeptide that in association with an alpha subunit common to all gonadotropin hormones forms the reproductive signaling molecule luteinizing hormone. In humans it is encoded by the LHB gene.[4][5]

LHB
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesLHB, CGB4, LSH-B, hHH23, Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide, LSH-beta, Luteinizing hormone subunit beta
External IDsOMIM: 152780; MGI: 96782; HomoloGene: 81806; GeneCards: LHB; OMA:LHB - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000894

NM_008497

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000885

NP_032523

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 49.02 – 49.02 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2][3]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Gene

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The luteinizing hormone beta subunit is encoded by a single gene in all mammals. In primates, this gene is located within a cluster that arose through gene duplication, and also includes multiple redundant genes encoding the beta subunit of chorionic gonadotropin as well as several nonfunctional pseudogenes. In humans these are contiguous on chromosome 19q13.3.[5] In equids the beta subunit polypeptides of luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin are identical in sequence, differing only in their carbohydrate side-chains, and are the product of a single gene.[6]

Function

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This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (LH). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit (this protein) which confers biological specificity. LH is expressed in the pituitary gland and promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids.[5]

Clinical significance

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Mutations in this gene are associated with hypogonadism which is characterized by infertility and pseudohermaphroditism.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104826Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ Sairam MR, Li CH (Feb 1976). "Human pituitary lutropin. Isolation, properties, and the complete amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit". Biochim Biophys Acta. 412 (1): 70–81. doi:10.1016/0005-2795(75)90340-2. PMID 1191677.
  5. ^ a b c d "Entrez Gene: LHB luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide".
  6. ^ Sherman GB, Wolfe MW, Farmerie TA, Clay CM, Threadgill DS, Sharp DC, Nilson JH (June 1992). "A single gene encodes the beta-subunits of equine luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin". Mol. Endocrinol. 6 (6): 951–9. doi:10.1210/mend.6.6.1379674. PMID 1379674.

Further reading

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