Wikipedia

List of commanders of the LTTE

(Redirected from Lt Colonel Appaiah)

The following is a list of commanders of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), also known as the Tamil Tigers, a separatist militant Tamil nationalist organisation, which operated in northern and eastern Sri Lanka from the late 1970s to May 2009, until it was defeated by the Sri Lankan Military.[1][2]

Nom de Guerre Real Name Date & Place
of Birth		 Date & Place
of Death		 Position(s) Notes
Thambi (used only by closest associates), Anna (elder brother) and Karikalan(another name) Velupillai
Prabhakaran †		 (1954-11-26)26 November 1954
Valvettithurai		 18 May 2009(2009-05-18) (aged 54)[3][4][5]
Vellamullivaikkal		 Leader of the LTTE Supreme leader of the LTTE, which waged a 25-year civil war in Sri Lanka against the Sri Lankan government. His death in Nanthikadal lagoon, Vellamullivaikkal, Mullaitivu, brought an immediate end to the Sri Lankan Civil War.
Lt. Colonel Bharathan Barathan Rajanayagam (1960-12-06)6 December 1960
Thirunelveli		 18 March 2021(2021-03-18) (aged 60)[6]
London, United Kingdom		 Founder of Nitharsanam and Pulikalin Kural Major Commander of the LTTE, Bharathan pushed for the formation of a media division of the LTTE. He created Nitharsanam (meaning reality in truth, it was the television and newspaper department of the LTTE) and Pulikalin Kural (meaning the tigers' voice, it was the radio for the LTTE). Bharathan’s fearless style of cinematography allowed the LTTE to showcase live footage of the battlefield locally and globally. The rapid growth of the LTTE and their following abroad is largely credited to the success of their Media outlet.
Pottu Amman alias
Papa Oscar alias
Sobhigemoorthy alias Kailan alias Kuruvi		 Shanmugalingam Shivashankar † 1962
Nayanmarkaddu[7]		 (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
(aged 47)
Vellamullivaikkal		 Leader of Tiger Organization Security Intelligence Service (TOSIS) and Black Tigers Second-in-command of the LTTE. His death was initially disputed because the body was not found. But in October 2010, TADA court judge K. Dakshinamurthy dropped charges against Amman, on the Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, accepting the CBI's report on his demise.[8][9]
Selvarasa Pathmanathan (POW)
alias Kumaran Pathmanathan
alias KP (23+ aliases)		 Shanmugam Kumaran Tharmalingam (1955-04-06)6 April 1955
Kankesanthurai		 Leader of the LTTE since the death of Prabhakaran. Prior to that, served as the chief procurer of arms and head of the "Department of International Relations" of the LTTE As the chief arms procurer since the origin of the organisation, Pathmanathan was involved in all the vital administrative issues of the LTTE. He held 200+ passports with himself. On 21 July 2009, the Executive Committee of the LTTE, issued a statement announcing that Patmanathan had been appointed leader of the LTTE. But on 5 August 2009, Sri Lankan intelligence agents with the aid of the local authorities, captured Pathmanathan in Malaysia and deported him to Sri Lanka.
Colonel Karuna Amman Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan 1966
Kiran, Batticaloa		 LTTE leader of the Eastern Province Major commander of the LTTE. He was involved in many successful LTTE attacks including the Second Battle of Elephant Pass. In March 2004, he broke away from the Tamil Tigers and claimed to renounce violence. In 2007, he created the political party TMVP. In 2008, he was appointed as a National List Member of Parliament. Later, he was sworn in as Minister of National Integration.
Lt. Seelan † Charles Lucas Anthony Church Street,
Trincomalee		 (1983-07-15)15 July 1983
Meesalai		 Second-in-command of LTTE as of 1983 Prabhakaran's right-hand man in the early stages of the LTTE. He was instrumental in the transformation of the LTTE from an armed criminal gang to a deadly military force. Seelan's death on 15 July 1983 prompted Prabhakaran to ambush the Sri Lanka Army patrol Four Four Bravo to avenge his death. The killing of 13 soldiers on 23 July 1983, resulted in the Black July ethnic riots, which marked the beginning of 26-year civil war.[10] Prabhakaran paid tribute to Seelan by naming his elder son and the premier fighting brigade of LTTE after him.
Colonel Kittu † Sathasivam Krishnakumar (1960-01-02)2 January 1960
Velvettithurai		 16 January 1993(1993-01-16) (aged 33)
Indian Ocean		 Second-in-Command of LTTE, Leader of shipping Second-in-Command of the LTTE in the 1980s. He became crippled in a shoot-out in 1987. In 1993, Kittu committed suicide before he could be captured by the Indian Navy.[11]
Mahattaya Gopalaswamy Mahendraraja 1956
Point Pedro		 (1994-12-28)28 December 1994 (aged 38)
Chavakacheri		 Second-in-Command of LTTE (1987–1993), Leader of People's Front of Liberation Tigers, Political wing of LTTE The LTTE intelligence wing found that Mahattaya was leaking information to India's Research and Analysis Wing, and plotting to assassinate Prabhakaran. He was arrested in March 1993, and executed in December 1994, on Prabhakaran’s orders. It was said that Mahattaya, along with nearly 257 cadres who were loyal to him, were lined up in a coconut estate located near Chavakacheri and shot, and their bodies dumped.[12]
Thamilselvan S. P. Thamilselvan (1967-08-29)29 August 1967
Chavakacheri		 2 November 2007(2007-11-02) (aged 40)
Kilinochchi		 Political leader of LTTE One of the prominent negotiators of LTTE. Killed by a precise Sri Lanka Air Force bombing targeting him.
Colonel Shankar Vaithilingam Sornalingam † September 1949 (2001-09-26)26 September 2001 (aged 52)
Oddusuddan		 Founder and leader of the air wing and marine division of LTTE Shankar was a relative and one of the closest lieutenants of LTTE leader Prabhakaran. He was killed by a claymore attack of the Sri Lankan Army’s deep penetration unit in 2001.
Admiral Colonel Soosai † Thillaiyampalam Sivanesan (1963-10-16)16 October 1963 18 May 2009(2009-05-18) (aged 45)
Vellamullivaikkal		 Head of the Sea Tigers, naval wing of the LTTE Responsible for many successful attacks against the Sri Lanka Navy. He narrowly escaped during the Vadamarachchi Operation, but was killed during the Sri Lanka Army's final onslaught towards LTTE held areas in 2009.
Brigadier Balraj
alias Leema		 Balasegaram Kandiah (1965-11-27)27 November 1965
Kokkuththoduvai		 18 May 2008(2008-05-18) (aged 42)
Vellamullivaikkal		 Commander of the Charles Antony Brigade Responsible for many successful operations, including the Second Battle of Elephant Pass. Died of a sudden heart attack in 2008.
Brigadier Theepan †
alias Tango Papa		 Velayuthapillai Baheerathakumar 1965
Vavuniya		 (2009-04-05)5 April 2009
(aged 44)
Aanandapuram		 Overall military commander of LTTE in the final phase of Sri Lankan Civil War Posthumously promoted to Brigadier.[13] He was a native of Thenmarachi division of Jaffna District. He joined LTTE in 1984 and eventually became a senior commander. He participated and led a number of battles[14] against the Sri Lankan Army. He was killed along with 615 others in early April 2009 in Puthukkudiyiruppu (Mullaitivu). Before his death he was the unofficial military commander of the LTTE Northern fighting formations.[15]
Rathnam Master † (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
Vellamullivaikkal		 Head of LTTE Military Intelligence wing, head of the air wing and the Radha Brigade A personal bodyguard of Prabhakaran; led the LTTE military wing after Colonel Theepan was killed in April 2009.
Mathavan Master † Ragunathan Pathmanathan 1958
Alaveddy		 (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
(aged 50)
Vellamullivaikkal		 Head of LTTE Intelligence Training Centre, Training and Technology Department, Research & Publications Department. Senior member of the Tiger Organization Security Intelligence Service (TOSIS). He joined the LTTE in 1987. He was responsible for the training and development of advanced technologies for support of both the National and Military Intelligence: modifying weapons, explosive-filled vehicles, spy tools, etc. He also undertook the task of training TOSIS operatives. He was killed while fighting in Vellamullivaikkal, Mullaitivu in 2009 and his body was recovered by the SLA, which listed him as the LTTE Internal Intelligence leader.
Kapil Amman † (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
Vellamullivaikkal		 Deputy leader of Tiger Organization Security Intelligence Service (TOSIS) Long-time deputy of the LTTE intelligence head Pottu Amman.
Nadesan Balasingham Nadesan (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
Vellamullivaikkal		 Political leader of LTTE (Since November 2007), Chief of LTTE Police Police Chief of the LTTE. He also held the position of political leader since the death of S. P. Thamilselvan in 2007. Nadesan was killed on 18 May 2009 in Vellamullivaikkal, Mullaitivu.
Brigadier Bhanu
(Banu) alias
Bravo †		 Sivanadan Somasekaran 1960 (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
(aged 49)
Vellamullivaikkal		 Leader of the LTTE's Mortar wing Led the LTTE's Kutti Sri Mortar Regiment and Johnson Mortar Regiment in the Second Battle of Elephant Pass and hoisted the LTTE flag at the Elephant Pass base in 2000. He later became the leader of the Kutti Sri Mortar regiment.[16] He was killed during the final battle of the war, on 18 May 2009.[9][17]
Colonel Charles † Shanmuganathan Ravishankar 1965 (2008-01-06)6 January 2008 (aged 43)
Mannar District		 Head of LTTE Military Intelligence wing Killed by a Sri Lankan Army LRRP unit in 2008. He was involved in the planning of the Central Bank bombing and many other successful Black Tiger attacks.[18]
Colonel Ramesh †
alias Romeo Siera		 T. Thurairajasingham (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
Vellamullivaikkal		 Batticaloa District & Ampara District commander LTTE commander for the Batticaloa and Ampara districts during the 2002 ceasefire era.[19] Believed to have been killed on 18 May 2009.[citation needed]
Colonel Sornam
(Swarnam) †		 Soosapillai Joseph Anthonydas (1964-04-01)1 April 1964
Trincomalee		 16 May 2009(2009-05-16) (aged 45)
Vellamullivaikkal		 LTTE leader of Trincomalee Personal bodyguard of LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran, and a senior commander of the LTTE. Believed to have been killed in May 2009.[20][21]
Pulidevan † Seevaratnam Pulidevan (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
Vellamullivaikkal		 Head of the LTTE Peace Secretariat Member of the LTTE negotiating team during peace talks.
Shashikumar Master † Mithiran Selvarathnam (2009-05-18)18 May 2009
Vellamullivaikkal		 Head of the LTTE mapping and surveying division Died during the final battle on 18 May 2009.[21]
Daya Master (POW) Velayutham Dayanidhi Head of the LTTE media division Surrendered to the Sri Lankan Army during the final stages of the war.[22][23]
George Master (POW) Velupillai Kumaru Pancharatnam Translator of LTTE leader Prabhakaran and S. P. Thamilsenvan Surrendered to the Sri Lankan Army towards the end of the war.[22][23]
Brigadier Gadaffi † 1961 (2009-04-05)5 April 2009
(aged 48)
Aanandapuram		 Head of LTTE military school Senior commander of the LTTE. He was from Nelliyady. He was killed in early April 2009 in Puthukkudiyiruppu (Mullaitivu). At the time of his death, he was the head of Tamil Tiger military school.[14] He also functioned as either deputy or leader of some of the Tamil Tiger military divisions. It is claimed[13] that Gadaffi brought down several Sri Lankan Air Force aircraft using shoulder fired SAM-7 missiles.
Colonel Jeyam[24]
(Jayam) †		 (2009-04-21)21 April 2009
Mullaitivu District		 A senior LTTE commander, originally from the east of Sri Lanka. He was a member of the LTTE delegation that attended the Geneva peace talks between the LTTE and the Government of Sri Lanka.[25] He is not to be confused with a TMVP commander by the same name, who is also from the east of Sri Lanka.
Colonel Ilankeeran †
alias A Chetan
alias AC
alias Ravi		 1972
Batticaloa		 (2009-03-19)19 March 2009
Aanandapuram		 Special commander and later appointed as Leader of the Victor anti-tank regiment Served as the special commander and leader of Victor anti-armor/tank regiment from 2006–2009. He led these forces when it was first formed in LTTE's counter attack of Operation Jayasikuru (1997), and led the forces in the decisive battles of Elephant Pass under Brigadier Balraj (1999–2000). He was killed along with 17 others in early March 2009 in Puthukkudiyiruppu (Mullaitivu)
Colonel Raju alias
Kuyilan		 Ambalavanar Neminathan Elalai, Jaffna (2002-08-25)25 August 2002 Served as the special commander of the elite LTTE Leopard Commandos and played a key role in developing its artillery wing.
Captain Ram Ramesh Arivazhagan K. 1980, Jaffna Commander of Jaffna District The former LTTE commander for the Trincomalee District during the 2002 ceasefire period.[26]
Colonel Ramanan † Kandiah Ulaganathan 1966
Palukamam, Batticaloa		 (2006-05-21)21 May 2006
(aged 40)
Vavunathivu		 LTTE explosives expert.
Nediyavan Perinpanayagam Sivaparan LTTE leader of Norway With the demise of LTTE in May 2009, Nediyavan appeared as the military leader of the LTTE. He was apprehended by Norwegian authorities in May 2011.[27]
Brigadier Thurka † (2009-04-05)5 April 2009
Aanandapuram		 Commander of Sothiya Regiment A female commander of the LTTE, she was the leader of the all-female Sothiya Regiment. Reported to have been killed on 5 April 2009 during the Battle of Aanandapuram.[28]
Brigadier Vithusha † (2009-04-05)5 April 2009
Aanandapuram		 Commander of Malathi Regiment A female commander of the LTTE, and the leader of the all-female Malathi Regiment.[29] Reported to have been killed on 5 April 2009 during the Battle of Aanandapuram.[28]
Lt. Colonel Akbar † Veerapathirar Pernibarasa (2006-10-07)7 October 2006
Muhamalai FDL		 Leader of the Victor anti-tank regiment Killed on 7 October 2006 at the Muhamalai Forward Defence Line.
Lt. Colonel Amuthab † (2009-04-05)5 April 2009
Aanandapuram		 Charles Anthony Brigade commander Senior LTTE commander,[30] and the head[31] of the Charles Anthony Brigade. Killed in April 2009 in the Battle of Aanandapuram.[28]
Lt. Colonel Appaiah[32] I. Rasiah (1997-12-24)24 December 1997 Known as the 'Scientist of the LTTE'.
Lt. Colonel Arivu † Trincomalee District Senior commander[30] of the LTTE, served in Charles Anthony Brigade as a senior commander. Believed to have been in killed[33] in Trincomalee District in the mid 2000s.
Lt. Colonel Gobith † (2009-04-05)5 April 2009
Aanandapuram		 Commander of Charles Anthony Brigade Senior LTTE commander; head[31] of the Charles Anthony Brigade. Killed in April 2009 in the Battle of Aanandapuram.[28]
Lt. Colonel Kumarappa † B. Rathnapalan (1987-10-05)5 October 1987
Palali		 He was taken into custody by Sri Lanka Navy along with 16 others at sea, and brought to a Sri Lanka Army base in Palali. When the Sri Lanka Army attempted to take the detainees to Colombo for interrogation, he committed suicide on 5 October 1987.[34]
Lt. Colonel Lawrence † (2009-05-16)16 May 2009
Vellamullivaikkal		 He was a senior commander of the LTTE, he served in the northern front.[35][36] It is believed that he was killed in May 2009.
Colonel Nakulan †
(Nagulan)		 May 2007
Eastern Province		 He was a senior commander[30] of the Tamil Tigers; served in the Charles Anthony Brigade as a senior commander. Believed to have been killed[37] in eastern Sri Lanka in May 2007.
Lt. Colonel Nizam † Thambirasa Kuhasanthan 2001
Mullaitivu District		 Head of Military Intelligence (East) LTTE military intelligence wing leader for the east of Sri Lanka. He was killed by a Sri Lanka Army LRRP unit in 2001.[38]
Lt. Colonel Ponnamman †[39] Yogaratnam Kugan 1987
Navatkuly		 Graduate of Jaffna Hindu College and a college all-rounder. He was killed in 1987 in an explosion during an attempt to attack the Sri Lanka Army camp in Navatkuly, Jaffna.
Lt. Colonel Pulendran † K. Dharmarajah (1987-10-10)10 October 1987
Palali		 Trincomalee District commander One of the early members of the LTTE. He was the military commander in the Trincomalee District. He was the head of the unit responsible for the Aluth Oya massacre in April 1987. He committed suicide as the Army attempted to take him to Colombo for interrogation, after being apprehended.[34][40]
Lt Colonel Radha † Anthony Kaththiar Arialai, Jaffna Mannar District commander Mannar District commander of the Tamil Tigers following Victor's death. While under Victor's command, he organized and executed the Anuradhapura massacre.[citation needed] He has been credited[41][42] with many attack against Sri Lankan forces. He was killed in the late 1980s. The Radha Regiment[43] is named in honour of him.
Lt. Colonel Santhosham †[44] K. Umainesan (1987-10-21)21 October 1987
Kondavil		 Killed on 21 October 1987 at Kondavil in Jaffna in a battle with the IPKF. He was active in the Trincomalee District of Sri Lanka. He was from Ariyalai, Jaffna District, Sri Lanka.
Lt. Colonel Thileepan Rasaiah Parthipan 1962 (1987-09-26)26 September 1987 (aged 25)
Jaffna		 Died during a hunger strike against the IPKF operations in Sri Lanka.
Lt. Colonel Veeramani † Subramaniam Vadivel (2006-05-24)24 May 2006 He was a senior commander[30] of the LTTE, he was killed in an accidental explosion[36] on 24 May 2006. He served as a senior commander in the Charles Anthony Brigade and Tamil Tiger northern forces. He was from Vavuniya District.
Lt. Colonel Victor † Marcelin Fuselus 1984 Mannar District commander He was a Mannar District commander of the Tamil Tigers, until he was killed in October 1986 by the Sri Lanka Army. He ordered the infamous Anuradhapura massacre, which killed 146 Sinhalese civilians in May 1985.[45] The Victor Anti Tank and Armoured Unit of the LTTE was named after him.
Major Mano † 2001 Head of Communications (East) The LTTE's head of eastern communications, he was killed by a Sri Lanka Army LRRP unit in 2001.[38]
Captain Miller † Vallipuram Vasanthan (1966-01-01)1 January 1966 5 July 1987(1987-07-05) (aged 21) First Black Tiger for the LTTE. He drove a small truck laden with explosives into a Sri Lanka Army camp in Nelliady MMV, Karaveddy in Jaffna peninsula, killing himself and 128 Sri Lankan soldiers.
Captain Pandithar †[46] S. Ravindran (1985-01-09)9 January 1985 He was a childhood friend of Velupillai Prabhakaran and was the LTTE's accredited vice captain.[47] He was killed by the Sri Lanka Army on 9 January 1985.
Lieutenant Sellakil i †[48] Sathasivam Selvanayakam (1983-07-23)23 July 1983
Thirunelveli		 He was the only LTTE cadre to be killed in an ambush in Thirunelveli in Jaffna that killed 13 Sri Lanka Army soldiers on 23 July 1983, the incident that sparked the Black July riots across the country. He was the leader of the group that carried out the attack.[48]
Lt.Conol Cheliyan † October 2008?
May 2009?		 Deputy Leader, Sea Tigers He was a Sea Tiger deputy leader. It is claimed that a Sri Lankan Army LRRP killed him in October 2008.[49] However, there were reports that he was killed in May 2009.[50]
Lt.Conol Gangai Amaran † 2001 Deputy Leader, Sea Tigers He was a deputy Sea Tiger commander.[38] He was killed along with his family by a Sri Lanka Army LRRP unit in 2001.[51]
Colonel Gopal † Nadarasa Dushiyanthan (2009-04-05)5 April 2009
Aanandapuram		 2nd Commander of Kutti Sri mortar regiment He was a senior commander of the LTTE and was also the leader of Kutti Sri Mortar Unit.[14] He participated in many battles against the Sri Lankan Army, was killed in early April 2009 in Puthukkudiyiruppu (Mullaitivu).
Colonel Keerthi † Manikkapodi Easwaran (2009-04-05)5 April 2009
Aanandapuram		 Head of Intelligence, Batticaloa District He was a senior commander of the Tamil Tigers, he was killed in early April 2009 in Puthukkudiyiruppu (Mullaitivu). He was from Batticaloa District and served as the Tamil Tiger intelligence chief there.[13] He also served in the Jeyanthan Brigade as a senior commander.
Marshall †[52] Irasaiah Ilanthirayan LTTE spokesperson He was the LTTE's military spokesperson and was often in contact with international media during the immediate post-ceasefire era.[53]
Colonel Nagesh † Selvarathnam Sundaram (1970-01-15)15 January 1970
Batticaloa District		 5 April 2009(2009-04-05) (aged 39)
Aanandapuram		 He was a senior commander of the LTTE, participated in may battles[14] against the Sri Lankan Army in the east and north of Sri Lanka. He was killed in early April 2009 in Puthukkudiyiruppu (Mullaitivu). He was a senior commander of the Jeyanthan Brigade.
Ramalingam Paramadeva † 1984 Senior leader, Batticaloa One of the architects of the 1983 Batticaloa Jailbreak.
Major Sothiya
(Sothia) †		 Maria Vasanthi Michael (1963-09-20)20 September 1963 11 January 1990(1990-01-11) (aged 26) She died of illness in 1990 and had one of the female fighting formations of the LTTE, the Sothiya Regiment, named after her.[54]
Captain Morris (MO) † Paratharajan Thiyagarajah (1969-09-12)12 September 1969 1 May 1989(1989-05-01) (aged 19)
Point Pedro		 Point Pedro District Leader He was in charge of Point Pedro area & was killed in May 1989 in the battle of military offensives of Indian Peace Keeping Forces (IPKF).[18] It was during that difficult time Col.Charles functioning under the leadership of Captain Morris who was in charge of Point Pedro area, faced the military offensives of Indian Peace Keeping Forces (IPKF).
Lt.Conol Jonny (MO) † Viyakumar (1962-09-12)12 September 1962 1 May 1988(1988-05-01) (aged 18)
Point Pedro		 Point Pedro District Leader He was in charge of Point Pedro area & was killed in May 1989 in the battle of military offensives of Indian Peace Keeping Forces (IPKF).[18] Jony who was killed by IPKF[citation needed] on his way back to India after meeting LTTE chief Velupillai Prabhakaran at his Manal Aru hideout. (IPKF).
Lt. Col. Bhutto † Kanakaratnam Stanley Julian 25 July 1974

Mannar District

11 August 2006 (aged 32) Julian, escapes from Indian forces in Sri Lanka and joins a militant movement fighting for Tamil Eelam. Julian goes through intense training and becomes a skilled fighter, leader, and strategist. He uses his talents in painting, poetry, and singing to entertain and inspire his fellow soldiers. Julian becomes known as "Bhutto" and is tasked with coordinating attacks and leading teams. He plays a key role in the successful defeat of enemy camps in Mullaitivu but also faces danger and injury.[55]

See also

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References

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  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  30. ^ a b c d Charles Anthony Brigade celebrates 15th anniversary of inauguration
  31. ^ a b Two top LTTE leaders killed Archived 15 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
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  41. ^ Women & the Struggle for Tamil Eelam
  42. ^ Maria Vasanthi Michael – Sothia
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  45. ^ Richardson, John Martin (2005). Paradise Poisoned: Learning about Conflict, Terrorism, and Development from Sri Lanka's Civil Wars. International Center for Ethnic Studies. p. 76. ISBN 9789555800945. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  46. ^ "Limbo between war and peace". AsiaTimes. 23 March 2002. Archived from the original on 1 October 2002. Retrieved 2 January 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  47. ^ After Prabha, who? – D. B. S. Jeyaraj
  48. ^ a b "The loss of Sellakili". SangamOrg. 30 April 2004. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
  49. ^ "Cheliyan – Deputy Sea Tiger Leader killed". LankaDailyNews. 11 October 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
  50. ^ Cheliyan Killed Archived 13 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ^ LTTE leaders come under bomb attacks The Hindu – 16 August 2001
  52. ^ "War Worsens as Sri Lanka Puts Pressure on Rebels". The New York Times. 27 September 2008. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
  53. ^ Sri Lanka fears for school safety BBC News – 14 August 2006
  54. ^ "Maria Vasanthi Michael – Sothia". TamilNation. 17 December 2008. Retrieved 17 December 2008. [dead link‍]
  55. ^ "தேசத்தையும், தலைவரையும் நேசித்த "நம்பர் வண்" கரும்புலி லெப். கேணல் பூட்டோ.!". www.thaarakam.com. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
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