Hipposideridae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammal order Chiroptera. A member of this family is called an hipposiderid, or an Old World leaf-nosed bat. They are named for the shape of their nose-leaf. They are found in Africa, Asia, and Australia, primarily in forests, savannas, rocky areas, and caves, though some species can also be found in grasslands or wetlands. They range in size from the Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat, at 3 cm (1 in) and no tail, to the striped leaf-nosed bat, at 13 cm (5 in) plus a 4 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, hipposiderids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have wing lengths ranging from multiple species with 3 cm (1 in), to the giant roundleaf bat at 13 cm (5 in). They are all insectivorous and primarily eat cicadas, cockroaches, termites, and beetles, though some species may eat trace amounts of fruit while consuming insects within.[1] Most hipposiderids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 150 adult individuals to 10,000. The lesser great leaf-nosed bat, Makira roundleaf bat, Nicobar leaf-nosed bat, Pomona roundleaf bat, short-tailed roundleaf bat, Cox's roundleaf bat, and Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat are categorized as endangered species, and the Kolar leaf-nosed bat and Lamotte's roundleaf bat are categorized as critically endangered.
The 86 extant species of Hipposideridae are divided into seven genera; 70 of the species are in the Hipposideros genus of roundleaf bats. The other six genera are Anthops, or the flower-faced bat; Asellia, containing four trident bat species; Aselliscus, containing three trident bat species; Coelops, containing two tailless leaf-nosed bat species; Doryrhina, containing two roundleaf bat species; and Macronycteris, containing four leaf-nosed and roundleaf bat species. A few extinct prehistoric hipposiderid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]
Conventions
edit| Conservation status | |
|---|---|
| EX | Extinct (0 species) |
| EW | Extinct in the wild (0 species) |
| CR | Critically Endangered (2 species) |
| EN | Endangered (7 species) |
| VU | Vulnerable (15 species) |
| NT | Near threatened (10 species) |
| LC | Least concern (41 species) |
| Other categories | |
| DD | Data deficient (11 species) |
| NE | Not evaluated (0 species) |
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the hipposiderid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.
Classification
editThe family Hipposideridae consists of seven genera: Anthops, with one species; Asellia, containing four species; Aselliscus, containing three species; Coelops, containing two species; Doryrhina, containing two species; Hipposideros, containing 70 species; and Macronycteris, containing four species.
Family Hipposideridae
- Genus Anthops (flower-faced bat): one species
- Genus Asellia (trident bats): four species
- Genus Aselliscus (trident bats): three species
- Genus Coelops (tailless leaf-nosed bats): two species
- Genus Doryrhina (roundleaf bats): two species
- Genus Hipposideros (roundleaf bats): 70 species
- Genus Macronycteris (leaf-nosed bats): four species
Hipposiderids
editThe following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[4]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flower-faced bat
|
A. ornatus Thomas, 1888 |
Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
|
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.3–1 cm (0.1–0.4 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[6] |
VU
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabian trident bat
|
A. arabica Benda, Vallo, & Reiter, 2011 |
Oman and Yemen
|
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[7] Habitat: Savanna[8] |
DD
|
| Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat
|
A. patrizii Beaux, 1931 |
Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Saudi Arabia
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[7] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and caves[9] |
LC
|
| Somalian trident bat
|
A. italosomalica Beaux, 1936 |
Horn of Africa | Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[7] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, caves, and desert[10] |
DD
|
| Trident bat
|
A. tridens (Geoffroy, 1813) |
Northern Africa and Western Asia
|
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[7] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, caves, and desert[11] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dong Bac's trident bat
|
A. dongbacanus Tu et al., 2015 |
Northern Vietnam
|
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail about 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[12] |
NT
|
| Stoliczka's trident bat
|
A. stoliczkanus (Dobson, 1871) |
Southeastern Asia
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[13] |
LC
|
| Temminck's trident bat
|
A. tricuspidatus (Temminck, 1835) Four subspecies
|
Northern Oceania
|
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[14] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat
|
C. frithii Blyth, 1848 Five subspecies
|
Southeastern Asia
|
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[15] |
NT
|
| Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat
|
C. robinsoni Bonhote, 1908 Two subspecies
|
Southeastern Asia
|
Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Caves and forest[16] |
VU
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater roundleaf bat
|
D. camerunensis Eisentraut, 1956 |
Central Africa
|
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 7–8 cm (3–3 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest[17] |
DD
|
| Cyclops roundleaf bat
|
D. cyclops Temminck, 1853 |
Central and western Africa
|
Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail 5–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and savanna[18] |
LC
|
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aba roundleaf bat
|
H. abae Allen, 1917 |
Central and western Africa
|
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Savanna and rocky areas[20] |
LC
|
| Aellen's roundleaf bat
|
H. marisae Aellen, 1954 |
Western Africa
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Caves, rocky areas, and forest[21] |
VU
|
| Andersen's leaf-nosed bat
|
H. gentilis Andersen, 1918 |
Southern and southeastern Asia | Size: About 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[22] |
LC
|
| Arnhem leaf-nosed bat
|
H. inornatus McKean, 1970 |
Northern Australia
|
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves[23] |
VU
|
| Ashy roundleaf bat
|
H. cineraceus Blyth, 1853 Two subspecies
|
Southern and southeastern Asia
|
Size: Unknown length 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[24] |
LC
|
| Benito roundleaf bat
|
H. beatus K. Andersen, 1906 Two subspecies
|
Central and western Africa
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[25] |
LC
|
| Biak roundleaf bat
|
H. papua (Thomas & Doria, 1886) |
Indonesia
|
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[26] |
LC
|
| Bicolored roundleaf bat
|
H. bicolor (Temminck, 1834) Seven subspecies
|
Southeastern Asia
|
Size: Unknown length 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[27] |
LC
|
| Big-eared roundleaf bat
|
H. macrobullatus Tate, 1941 |
Indonesia
|
Size: Unknown length 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[28] |
DD
|
| Boeadi's roundleaf bat
|
H. boeadii Rossiter, Suyanto, Kingston, & Bates, 2007 |
Indonesia | Size: Unknown length, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest[29] |
DD
|
| Borneo roundleaf bat
|
H. doriae (Peters, 1871) |
Southeastern Asia
|
Size: Unknown length 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest[30] |
NT
|
| Cantor's roundleaf bat
|
H. galeritus Cantor, 1846 Four subspecies
|
Southern and southeastern Asia
|
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Rocky areas, caves, and forest[31] |
LC
|
| Cox's roundleaf bat
|
H. coxi Shelford, 1901 |
Western Borneo
|
Size: Unknown length 5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Unknown[32] |
EN
|
| Crested roundleaf bat
|
H. inexpectatus Laurie & Hill, 1954 |
Indonesia
|
Size: Unknown length About 10 cm (4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Caves and unknown[33] |
DD
|
| Dayak roundleaf bat
|
H. dyacorum Thomas, 1902 |
Indonesia and Malaysia
|
Size: Unknown length 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[34] |
LC
|
| Diadem leaf-nosed bat
|
H. diadema (É. Geoffroy, 1813) Fifteen subspecies
|
Southeastern Asia
|
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–10 cm (2–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[35] |
LC
|
| Dusky leaf-nosed bat
|
H. ater Templeton, 1848 Six subspecies
|
|
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 1–5 cm (0.4–2.0 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves[36] |
LC
|
| Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat
|
H. megalotis (Heuglin, 1862) |
Eastern Africa
|
Size: About 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Savanna and shrubland[37] |
LC
|
| Fawn leaf-nosed bat
|
H. cervinus (Gould, 1854) Four subspecies
|
Southeastern Asia
|
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[38] |
LC
|
| Fierce roundleaf bat
|
H. dinops K. Andersen, 1905 |
Northeastern Oceania
|
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail 8–10 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[39] |
VU
|
| Fly River roundleaf bat
|
H. muscinus (Thomas & Doria, 1886) |
|
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest[40] |
LC
|
| Fulvus roundleaf bat
|
H. fulvus Gray, 1838 Two subspecies
|
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[41] |
LC
|
| Grand roundleaf bat
|
H. grandis Allen, 1936 |
|
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Caves and unknown[42] |
LC
|
| Great roundleaf bat
|
H. armiger (Hodgson, 1835) Four subspecies
|
|
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail 8–11 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[43] |
LC
|
| Griffin's leaf-nosed bat
|
H. griffini Thong et al., 2012 |
Size: Unknown length 8–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[44] |
NT
| |
| Ha Long leaf-nosed bat
|
H. alongensis Bourret, 1942 |
Size: Unknown length 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[45] |
VU
| |
| Hill's roundleaf bat
|
H. edwardshilli Flannery & Colgan, 1993 |
|
Size: About 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[46] |
VU
|
| House-dwelling leaf-nosed bat
|
H. einnaythu Douangboubpha et al., 2011 |
Size: Unknown length 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Unknown[47] |
DD
| |
| Indian roundleaf bat
|
H. lankadiva Kelaart, 1850 |
|
Size: Unknown length, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail 7–10 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[48] |
LC
|
| Intermediate roundleaf bat
|
H. larvatus (Horsfield, 1823) Five subspecies
|
|
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[49] |
LC
|
| Jones's roundleaf bat
|
H. jonesi Hayman, 1947 |
|
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, rocky areas, and caves[50] |
NT
|
| Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat
|
H. durgadasi Khajuria, 1970 |
|
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[51] |
VU
|
| Kolar leaf-nosed bat
|
H. hypophyllus Kock & Bhat, 1994 |
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Shrubland and caves[52] |
CR
|
| Lamotte's roundleaf bat
|
H. lamottei (Brosset, 1984) |
|
Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, grassland, and caves[53] |
CR
|
| Laotian leaf-nosed bat
|
H. rotalis Francis, Kock, & Habersetzer, 1999 |
Size: Unknown length, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest[54] |
LC
| |
| Large Asian roundleaf bat
|
H. lekaguli Thonglongya & Hill, 1974 |
|
Size: Unknown length 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[55] |
NT
|
| Large Mindanao roundleaf bat
|
H. coronatus Peters, 1871 |
|
Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail About 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[56] |
DD
|
| Lesser great leaf-nosed bat
|
H. turpis Bangs, 1901 |
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail 6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and caves[57] |
EN
| |
| Maduran leaf-nosed bat
|
H. madurae Kitchener & Maryanto, 1993 Two subspecies
|
|
Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[58] |
NT
|
| Maggie Taylor's roundleaf bat
|
H. maggietaylorae Smith & Hill, 1981 Two subspecies
|
|
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Caves, shrubland, and forest[59] |
LC
|
| Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat
|
H. tephrus Cabrera, 1906 |
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail Unknown arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and savanna[60] |
LC
| |
| Makira roundleaf bat
|
H. demissus K. Andersen, 1909 |
|
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail About 7 cm (3 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[61] |
EN
|
| Malayan roundleaf bat
|
H. nequam K. Andersen, 1918 |
|
Size: Unknown length About 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Unknown[62] |
DD
|
| Nicobar leaf-nosed bat
|
H. nicobarulae Miller, 1902 |
Size: Unknown length 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[63] |
EN
| |
| Noack's roundleaf bat
|
H. ruber Noack, 1893 Two subspecies
|
|
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[64] |
LC
|
| Northern leaf-nosed bat
|
H. stenotis Thomas, 1913 |
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Savanna, rocky areas, and caves[65] |
VU
|
| Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat
|
H. orbiculus Francis, Kock, & Habersetzer, 1999 |
|
Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest[66] |
VU
|
| Peleng leaf-nosed bat
|
H. pelingensis Shamel, 1940 |
|
Size: Unknown length 9–10 cm (4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[67] |
NT
|
| Pendlebury's roundleaf bat
|
H. pendleburyi Chasen, 1936 |
|
Size: Unknown length, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail 7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[68] |
VU
|
| Philippine forest roundleaf bat
|
H. obscurus (Peters, 1861) |
|
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[69] |
LC
|
| Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat
|
H. pygmaeus (Waterhouse, 1843) |
|
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[70] |
LC
|
| Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat
|
H. khaokhouayensis Guillén-Servent & Francis, 2009 |
|
Size: Unknown length 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest[71] |
VU
|
| Pomona roundleaf bat
|
H. pomona K. Andersen, 1918 Three subspecies
|
Size: Unknown length 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[72] |
EN
| |
| Pratt's roundleaf bat
|
H. pratti Thomas, 1891 |
|
Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail 7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Caves[73] |
LC
|
| Ridley's leaf-nosed bat
|
H. ridleyi Robinson & Kloss, 1911 |
|
Size: Unknown length, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest[74] |
VU
|
| Schneider's leaf-nosed bat
|
H. speoris (Schneider, 1800) |
|
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves[75] |
LC
|
| Semon's leaf-nosed bat
|
H. semoni Matschie, 1903 |
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail 3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[76] |
LC
|
| Shield-faced roundleaf bat
|
H. lylei Thomas, 1913 |
|
Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail 7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[77] |
LC
|
| Shield-nosed leaf-nosed bat
|
H. scutinares Robinson, Jenkins, Francis, & Fulford, 2003 |
|
Size: Unknown length, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail 7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[78] |
VU
|
| Short-headed roundleaf bat
|
H. breviceps Tate, 1941 |
|
Size: About 4 cm (2 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail About 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[79] |
DD
|
| Short-tailed roundleaf bat
|
H. curtus Allen, 1921 |
|
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail 4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[80] |
EN
|
| Sooty roundleaf bat
|
H. fuliginosus (Temminck, 1853) |
|
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest[81] |
LC
|
| Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat
|
H. sorenseni Kitchener, 1993 |
|
Size: 5–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Caves[82] |
EN
|
| Spurred roundleaf bat
|
H. calcaratus (Dobson, 1877) Two subspecies
|
|
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[83] |
LC
|
| Sumba roundleaf bat
|
H. sumbae (Oei, 1960) Three subspecies
|
|
Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Caves[84] |
LC
|
| Sundevall's roundleaf bat
|
H. caffer (Sundevall, 1846) Three subspecies
|
|
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, inland wetlands, and caves[85] |
LC
|
| Telefomin roundleaf bat
|
H. corynophyllus Hill, 1985 |
|
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail 4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[86] |
LC
|
| Thailand roundleaf bat
|
H. halophyllus Hill & Yenbutra, 1984 |
|
Size: Unknown length 3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[19] Habitat: Forest and caves[87] |
VU
|
| Timor roundleaf bat
|
H. crumeniferus Lesueur & Petit, 1807 |
|
Size: Unknown[19] Habitat: Forest[88] |
DD
|
| Wollaston's roundleaf bat
|
H. wollastoni Thomas, 1913 Three subspecies
|
|
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in) long, plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail About 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[89] |
LC
|
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.jpg)
.jpg)
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.jpg)
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commerson's roundleaf bat
|
M. commersonii Geoffroy, 1813 |
Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 8–11 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[90] |
NT
| |
| Giant roundleaf bat
|
M. gigas Wagner, 1845 |
|
Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail 9–13 cm (4–5 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest, savanna, rocky areas, and caves[91] |
LC
|
| São Tomé leaf-nosed bat
|
M. thomensis Bocage, 1891 |
|
Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail[5] Habitat: Forest and caves[92] |
LC
|
| Striped leaf-nosed bat
|
M. vittata (Peters, 1852) |
|
Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail 8–11 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length[5] Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[93] |
NT
|
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References
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- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Wiantoro, S. (2021). "Hipposideros papua". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10107A22098360. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10107A22098360.en.
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- ^ a b Hutson, A. M.; Schlitter, D.; Kingston, T. (2016). "Hipposideros macrobullatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10146A22100268. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10146A22100268.en.
- ^ a b Chiozza, F.; Bates, P. (2016). "Hipposideros boeadii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136566A21991596. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136566A21991596.en.
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- ^ a b Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros galeritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10136A22090092. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10136A22090092.en.
- ^ a b MacArthur, E. (2016). "Hipposideros coxi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10123A22096963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10123A22096963.en.
- ^ a b Kingston, T. (2016). "Hipposideros inexpectatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10139A22092281. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10139A22092281.en.
- ^ a b Khan, F. A. A.; Rajasegaran, P.; Shazali, N. (2020). "Hipposideros dyacorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10132A22090760. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10132A22090760.en.
- ^ a b Aguilar, J.; Waldien, D. L. (2021). "Hipposideros diadema". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10128A22095445. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T10128A22095445.en.
- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Hipposideros ater". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T80457009A22097974. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T80457009A22097974.en.
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- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Hipposideros cervinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10118A22093732. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10118A22093732.en.
- ^ a b Pennay, M.; Lavery, T. H.; Novera, J. (2021). "Hipposideros dinops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10129A22091011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10129A22091011.en.
- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Hipposideros muscinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10151A209537407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10151A209537407.en.
- ^ a b Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros fulvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10135A22089934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10135A22089934.en.
- ^ a b Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C. M.; Csorba, G. (2016). "Hipposideros grandis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136478A21986047. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T136478A21986047.en.
- ^ a b Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Csorba, G.; Oo, S. S. L. (2020). "Hipposideros armiger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10110A22097743. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10110A22097743.en.
- ^ a b Thong, V. D.; Bates, P. J. J. (2019). "Hipposideros griffini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T80222915A95642190. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T80222915A95642190.en.
- ^ a b Thong, V. D.; Bates, P. J. J. (2019). "Hipposideros alongensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T80224880A95642200. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T80224880A95642200.en.
- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Hipposideros edwardshilli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10133A209537105. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10133A209537105.en.
- ^ a b Douangboubpha, B. (2019). "Hipposideros einnaythu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T80222798A95642185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T80222798A95642185.en.
- ^ a b Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros lankadiva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10142A22092089. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10142A22092089.en.
- ^ a b Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, A. (2020). "Hipposideros larvatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85646564A22091287. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T85646564A22091287.en.
- ^ a b Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Bergmans, W.; Fahr, J. (2020). "Hipposideros jonesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10140A22092411. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10140A22092411.en.
- ^ a b Mishra, R.; Dookia, S. (2016). "Hipposideros durgadasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10131A22090631. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10131A22090631.en.
- ^ a b Chakravarty, R.; Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2016). "Hipposideros hypophyllus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10138A22092730. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10138A22092730.en.
- ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Cooper-Bohannon, R. (2020). "Hipposideros lamottei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10141A22091938. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10141A22091938.en.
- ^ a b Francis, C. M. (2019). "Hipposideros rotalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136477A21985931. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T136477A21985931.en.
- ^ a b Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Kingston, T.; Soisook, P. (2019). "Hipposideros lekaguli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10144A22091565. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10144A22091565.en.
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- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Wiantoro, S. (2021). "Hipposideros maggietaylorae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10148A22100717. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10148A22100717.en.
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- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Woinarski, J. C. Z.; Milne, D. J. (2021). "Hipposideros stenotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10163A22099463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10163A22099463.en.
- ^ a b Francis, C; Bates, P.; Kingston, T.; Senawi, J. (2016). "Hipposideros orbiculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136192A22008477. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136192A22008477.en.
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- ^ a b Soisook, P. (2019). "Hipposideros pendlebury". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T80224655A95642195. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T80224655A95642195.en.
- ^ a b Alviola, P. A.; Sedlock, J.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Pedregosa, M.; Jakosalem, P. G.; Tanalgo, K. (2019). "Hipposideros obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10153A22101961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10153A22101961.en.
- ^ a b Sedlock, J.; Alviola, P. A.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Jakosalem, P. G.; Tanalgo, K. (2019). "Hipposideros pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10156A22102078. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10156A22102078.en.
- ^ a b Douangboubpha, B. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Hipposideros khaokhouayensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136819A166602959. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T136819A166602959.en.
- ^ a b Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, A. (2020). "Hipposideros pomona". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T180990825A180990948. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T180990825A180990948.en.
- ^ a b Jiang, T. L.; Feng, J. (2019). "Hipposideros pratti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10155A22102257. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10155A22102257.en.
- ^ a b Khan, F. A. A.; Rajasegaran, P.; Rosli, Q. (2020). "Hipposideros ridleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10108A22098446. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10108A22098446.en.
- ^ a b Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros speoris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10162A22099260. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10162A22099260.en.
- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Hipposideros semoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10160A209537564. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T10160A209537564.en.
- ^ a b Senawi, J.; Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C. (2019). "Hipposideros lylei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10145A22100391. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10145A22100391.en.
- ^ a b Furey, N.; Görföl, T.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Csorba, G.; Tu, V. (2019). "Hipposideros scutinares". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136586A22000133. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136586A22000133.en.
- ^ a b Huang, J. C.-C.; Sigit W. (2016). "Hipposideros breviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10114A22094935. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10114A22094935.en.
- ^ a b Tanshi, I. (2020). "Hipposideros curtus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10125A22096364. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10125A22096364.en.
- ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Juste, J.; Bergmans, W.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Fahr, J. (2017). "Hipposideros fuliginosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T10134A22090466. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10134A22090466.en.
- ^ a b Waldien, D. L.; Wiantoro, S. (2021). "Hipposideros sorenseni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10161A22099115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T10161A22099115.en.
- ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Wiantoro, S.; Lavery, T. H. (2021). "Hipposideros calcaratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10116A22094185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T10116A22094185.en.
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