List of battalions of the Royal Scots

This is a list of battalions of the Royal Scots, which existed as an infantry regiment of the British Army from 1633 to 2006.

Original composition

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In 1881, under the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Armed Forces, one pre-existent militia and seven volunteer battalions of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Berwickshire, Haddingtonshire and Linlithgowshire were integrated into the structure of the Royal Scots. Volunteer battalions had been created in reaction to a perceived threat of invasion by France in the late 1850s. Organised as "rifle volunteer corps", they were independent of the British Army and composed primarily of the middle class. The only change to the regiment's structure during the period of 1881–1908, was the loss of the 1st Berwickshire Rifle Volunteer Corps, and the numbering of the remaining Rifle Volunteer Corps into Volunteer Battalions.

Battalion Formed Formerly
Regular
1st 1625
2nd 1686
3rd 1804 (disbanded 1817)
4th 1804 (disbanded 1816)
Militia
3rd (Militia) 1798 Queen's Edinburgh Light Infantry Militia[1]
Volunteers
1st Volunteer 1859 1st Battalion, 1st Edinburgh (City) Rifle Volunteer Corps
2nd Volunteer 1865 2nd Battalion, 1st Edinburgh (City) Rifle Volunteer Corps
3rd Volunteer 1888
4th Volunteer 1859 2nd Edinburgh (City) Rifle Volunteer Corps[2]
5th Volunteer 1859 1st Midlothian (Leith) Rifle Volunteer Corps[3]
6th Volunteer 1860 2nd Midlothian (Midlothian and Peebles-shire) Rifle Volunteer Corps[4]
7th Volunteer 1860 1st Haddington Rifle Volunteer Corps[5]
8th Volunteer 1860 1st Linlithgowshire Rifle Volunteer Corps[6]
9th (Highlanders) Volunteer 1900 [7]

Reorganisation

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The Territorial Force (later Territorial Army) was formed in 1908, which the volunteer battalions joined, while the militia battalions transferred to the "Special Reserve". All volunteer battalions were renumbered to create a single sequential order.

Battalion Formerly
4th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) 1st Volunteer Battalion (along with elements of 3rd Volunteer Battalion)
5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) 2nd Volunteer Battalion (along with elements of 3rd Volunteer Battalion)
6th 4th Volunteer Battalion
7th 5th Volunteer Battalion
8th 6th Volunteer Battalion
9th (Highlanders) 9th Volunteer Battalion (Highlanders)
10th (Cyclist) 8th Volunteer Battalion

First World War

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The Royal Scots fielded 35 battalions and lost 11,213 officers and other ranks during the course of the war.[8] The regiment's territorial components formed duplicate second and third line battalions. As an example, the battalions of the 4th King's were numbered as the 1/4th, 2/4th, and 3/4th respectively. Many battalions of the Royal Scots were formed as part of Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener's appeal for an initial 100,000 men volunteers in 1914. They were referred to as the New Army or Kitchener's Army. The 15th to 18th King's, New Army "Service" battalions, were referred to as the "Pals" because they were predominantly composed of colleagues.[9] The Volunteer Training Corps were raised with overage or reserved occupation men early in the war, and were initially self-organised into many small corps, with a wide variety of names. Recognition of the corps by the authorities brought regulation and as the war continued the small corps were formed into battalion sized units of the county Volunteer Regiment. In 1918 these were linked to county regiments.[10]

Battalion Formed Served Fate
Regular[11][12]
1st 1625 Western Front
2nd 1686 Western Front
Special Reserve[11][12]
3rd (Reserve) 1798 Britain, Ireland
Territorial Force[11][12]
1/4th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) 1859 Western Front See Inter-War
1/5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) 1865 Gallipoli, Western Front Amalgamated with 1/6th in June 1916
1/6th 1859 North Africa, Western Front Amalgamated with 1/5th in June 1916
1/7th 1859 Gallipoli, Middle East, Western Front See Inter-War
1/8th 1860 Western Front See Inter-War
1/9th (Highlanders) 1900 Western Front See Inter-War
1/10th (Cyclist) 1860 Britain, Ireland See Inter-War
2/4th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Edinburgh, September 1914 Britain, Ireland Disbanded in August 1917
2/5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Edinburgh, September 1914 Britain, Ireland Absorbed into 2/4th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) in November 1916
2/6th Edinburgh, March 1915 Britain, Ireland Merged with 2/4th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) in November 1915
2/7th Leith, August 1914 Britain, Ireland Disbanded in March 1918
2/8th Haddington, September 1914 Britain, Ireland Disbanded in Summer 1917
2/9th (Highlanders) Edinburgh, September 1914 Britain, Ireland Disbanded in July 1918
2/10th (Cyclist) Linlithgow, September 1914 North Russia Disbanded June 1919
3/4th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Peebles, May 1915 Britain, Ireland Absorbed into 4th (Reserve) Battalion in July 1916
3/5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Peebles, May 1915 Britain, Ireland Absorbed into 4th (Reserve) Battalion in July 1916
3/6th Peebles, July 1915 Britain, Ireland Absorbed into 4th (Reserve) Battalion in July 1916
3/7th Peebles, June 1915 Britain, Ireland Absorbed into 4th (Reserve) Battalion in July 1916
3/8th Peebles, December 1914 Britain, Ireland Absorbed into 4th (Reserve) Battalion in July 1916
3/9th Peebles, June 1915 Britain, Ireland Absorbed into 4th (Reserve) Battalion in July 1917
4th (Reserve) Hawick, June 1916 Britain, Ireland Disbanded in 1918
5th/6th France, July 1916 Western Front Disbanded sometime after October 1919
New Army[11][12]
11th (Service) Edinburgh, August 1914 Western Front Disbanded sometime after November 1919
12th (Service) Edinburgh, August 1914 Western Front Disbanded in June 1919
13th (Service) Edinburgh, August 1914 Western Front Disbanded in June 1919
14th (Reserve) Weymouth, November 1914 Britain, Ireland Became the 54th Training Reserve Battalion, February 1916
15th (1st City of Edinburgh) (Service) (Cranston's Battalion) Edinburgh, September 1914 Western Front Disbanded in August 1918
16th (2nd City of Edinburgh) (Service) (McCrae's Battalion) Edinburgh, December 1914 Western Front Disbanded in August 1918
17th (Service) (Rosebery's Bantams) Edinburgh, February 1915 Western Front Disbanded sometime after April 1919
18th (Reserve) Edinburgh, July 1915 Britain, Ireland Became the 77th Training Battalion, September 1916
Others[11][12]
19th (Labour) Blairgowrie, April 1916 Western Front Transferred to Labour Corps as 1st and 2nd Labour Companies, in April 1917
1st Garrison Edinburgh, August 1915 Britain, Egypt, Cyprus Disbanded in May 1919
2nd Garrison Leith, August 1916 Britain Became 1st Battalion, Royal Defence Corps, August 1917
Volunteer Training Corps[13]
1/1st Battalion City of Edinburgh Volunteer Regiment
later the 1st Volunteer Battalion, Royal Scots Regiment
Edinburgh Disbanded post war
2/1st Battalion City of Edinburgh Volunteer Regiment
later the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Scots Regiment
Edinburgh Disbanded post war
1/1st Battalion Midlothian Volunteer Regiment
later the 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Scots Regiment
Edinburgh Disbanded post war
2/1st Battalion Midlothian Volunteer Regiment
later the 4th Volunteer Battalion, Royal Scots Regiment
Lieth Disbanded post war
1st Battalion Haddingtonshire Volunteer Regiment
later the 5th Volunteer Battalion, Royal Scots Regiment
Haddington Disbanded post war
1st Battalion Linlithgowshire Volunteer Regiment
later the 6th Volunteer Battalion, Royal Scots Regiment
Linlithgow Disbanded post war
1st Battalion Peebles-shire Volunteer Regiment
later the 7th Volunteer Battalion, Royal Scots Regiment
Peebles Disbanded post war

Inter-War

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By 1922, all of the regiment's war-raised battalions had disbanded. The King's Regiment did not, however, return to its original peacetime size; it lost many of its territorial battalions shortly after the war ended. The Special Reserve reverted to its militia designation in 1921, then to the Supplementary Reserve in 1924; however, its battalions were effectively placed in 'suspended animation'. As World War II approached, the Territorial Army was reorganised in the mid-1930s, many of its infantry battalions were converted to other roles, especially anti-aircraft.

Battalion Fate
4th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Absorbed 5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Battalion, and 10th (Cyclist) Battalion, to form 4th/5th Battalion (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) in 1921[14]
5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Amalgamated with 4th Battalion (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles), to form 4th/5th Battalion (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) in 1921[15]
6th Amalgamated with 8th Battalion, and transferred to the Royal Garrison Artillery, forming part of 57th (Lowland) Medium Brigade in 1921[16]
7th Absorbed 9th (Highlanders) Battalion, to form 7th/9th Battalion in 1921[17]
8th Amalgamated with 6th Battalion, and transferred to the Royal Garrison Artillery, forming part of 57th (Lowland) Medium Brigade in 1921
9th (Highlanders) Amalgamated with 7th Battalion, to form 7th/9th Battalion in 1921
10th (Cyclist) Absorbed into 4th/5th Battalion, as A Company, in 1921

Second World War

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The Royal Scots expansion during the Second World War was modest compared to 1914–1918. National Defence Companies were combined to create a new "Home Defence" battalion. In addition 17 battalions of the Home Guard were affiliated to the regiment, wearing its cap badge, and also by 1944 two batteries of [Anti-Aircraft] rocket batteries (Z Battery.[18] A Light Anti-Aircraft (LAA) troop was formed from one of the local battalions to defend a power station.[19] Due to the daytime (or shift working) occupations of the men in the LAA troops, the troops required eight times the manpower of an equivalent regular unit.

Battalion Formed Served Fate
Regular[20]
1st 1625 France, India Burma See Post-World War II
2nd 1686 Hong Kong, Italy Palestine See Post-World War II
Territorial Army[20]
4th/5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) (52nd Searchlight Regiment) 1921 Britain Transferred to the Royal Artillery, July 1940 and became 52nd Searchlight Regiment (Queen's Edinburgh, Royal Scots)
7th/9th (Highlanders) 1921 Britain, Western Front See Post-World War II
8th (Lothians and Peebleshire) Formed as a duplicate of 7th/9th (Highlanders), August 1939 Britain, France, North West Europe See Post-World War II
10th (Home Defence) Late 1939 Britain Redesignated as the 30th Battalion, 1941
11th (Home Defence) Late 1939 Britain Disbanded in 1940
12th October 1940 Britain Disbanded in 1942
30th Redesignation of 10th (Home Defence) Battalion, 1941 Britain Disbanded in 1943
Others[20]
50th (Holding) June 1940 Britain Redesignated as the 12th Battalion, October 1940
Home Guard[21]
Battalion Headquarters Formation Sign (dark blue on khaki) Battalion Headquarters Formation Sign (dark blue on khaki)
Edinburgh
1st City of Edinburgh EGH 1 2nd City of Edinburgh EGH 2
3rd City of Edinburgh EGH 3 4th (Portobello) City of Edinburgh EGH 4
5th City of Edinburgh EGH 5 6th City of Edinburgh EGH 6
7th (Musselburgh) City of Edinburgh EGH 7 8th City of Edinburgh EGH 8
9th (University STC) City of Edinburgh EGH 9 10th (3rd Bn London and North Easter Railway) City of Edinburgh EGH 10
11th (11 G.P.O.) City of Edinburgh EGH 11
West Lothian
1st North Berwick EL 1 2nd Haddington EL 2
Mid Lothian
1st Edinburgh ML 1 2nd Dalkeith ML 2
East Lothian
1st Edinburgh WL 1 2nd Bathgate WL 2
Home Guard Light Anti-Aircraft units[18][19]
Formation Sign
(dark blue on khaki)
Headquarters or Location AA Formation and Designation Formation Sign
(dark blue on khaki)
Headquarters or Location AA Formation and Designation
EGH 101 Portobello 208th Battery 20th Anti Aircraft Regiment (Home Guard) EGH 102 Edinburgh 217th Battery 20th Anti Aircraft Regiment (Home Guard)
EGH 4 Portobello
Electricity Power station
A Troop LAA

Post-World War II

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In the immediate post-war period, the army was significantly reduced: nearly all infantry regiments had their first and second battalions amalgamated and the Supplementary Reserve disbanded.

Battalion Fate
1st Amalgamated with the remaining five Scottish infantry regiments, to form the Royal Regiment of Scotland, March 2006
2nd Disbanded February 1949
3rd Disbanded 1953
7th/9th (Highlanders) Absorbed duplicate 8th Battalion, April 1961, and renumbered 8th/9th Battalion
Disbanded 1967, as two separate companies: A Company, 52nd Lowland Volunteers and A Company, The Royal Scots and Cameronians Territorials
8th (Lothians and Peebleshire) Amalgamated with 7/9th Battalion, to form 8th/9th Battalion, April 1961

References

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  1. ^ "Royal Scots - 3rd (Militia) Battalion Lineage". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Records of the Scottish volunteer force, 1859-1908" (PDF). p. 239. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  3. ^ "Records of the Scottish volunteer force, 1859-1908" (PDF). p. 244. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  4. ^ "Records of the Scottish volunteer force, 1859-1908" (PDF). p. 248. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  5. ^ "Records of the Scottish volunteer force, 1859-1908" (PDF). p. 253. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  6. ^ "Records of the Scottish volunteer force, 1859-1908" (PDF). p. 258. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  7. ^ "Records of the Scottish volunteer force, 1859-1908" (PDF). p. 260. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  8. ^ "The Royal Scots - The Somme". 14 June 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  9. ^ James 1978, p. 43
  10. ^ Westlake, Ray (2020). Guide to the Volunteer Training Corps 1914-1918. Uckfield: Naval and Military Press. pp. 4–7. ISBN 9781783315390.
  11. ^ a b c d e "The Long, Long Trail - The British Army in the Great War of 1914-1918". Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Royal Scots - WW1 Battalion". 7 June 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  13. ^ Westlake pps. 111, 118, 122-123, 125
  14. ^ "1st Battalion, The Queen's Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Brigade". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  15. ^ "2nd Battalion, The Queen's Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Brigade". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 31 December 2006. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  16. ^ "6th Battalion, The Royal Scots". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 1 March 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  17. ^ "Lothians & Peebleshire Battalion, The Royal Scots". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  18. ^ a b Whittaker pp. 107-108
  19. ^ a b Whittaker p. 124
  20. ^ a b c "Royal Scots - Battalions in WW2". 13 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  21. ^ "History of the Home Guard". Retrieved 3 July 2022.

Bibliography

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  • James, Brigadier E.A. (1978). British Regiments 1914–18. London: Samson Books Limited. ISBN 0-906304-03-2.
  • Whittacker, L B (1990). Stand Down. Orders of battle for the units of the Home Guard of the United Kingdom, November 1944. Newport: Ray Westlake Military Books. ISBN 1871167140.