Legislature V of Italy

Legislature V of Italy

V legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
Legislature V of Italy ; V legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
5th legislature
Type
Type	bicameral
Houses	Chamber of Deputies; Senate of the Republic;
History
Founded	5 June 1968
Disbanded	24 May 1972 (3 years, 354 days)
Preceded by	IV Legislature
Succeeded by	VI Legislature
Leadership
President of the Senate	Amintore Fanfani, DC
President of the Chamber of Deputies	Sandro Pertini, PSI
Structure
Seats	630 (C); 315+ (S)
Chamber of Deputies political groups	DC (266); PCI (177); PSU (91); PLI (31); MSI (24); PSIUP (23); PRI (9); PDIUM (6); Others (3);
Senate political groups	DC (135); PCI (101); PSU (46); PLI (16); MSI (11); PRI (2); PDIUM (2); Others (2);
Elections
Chamber of Deputies voting system	Proportional
Senate voting system	Proportional
Last general election	19 May 1968
Meeting place
	Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
	Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
	Fifth Legislature – Chamber of Deputies; Fifth Legislature – Senate
Constitution
	Constitution of Italy

The Legislature V of Italy (Italian: V Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 5th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 5 June 1968 until 24 May 1972.^[1]^[2] Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 19 May 1968.

It was the first republican legislature to be dismissed before its term's natural expiration.

Main chronology edit

The period of the late 1960s–1970s came to be known as the Opposti Estremismi, (from left-wing and right-wing extremists riots), later renamed anni di piombo ("years of lead") because of a wave of political terrorist attacks.

After another short Leone's government, on 12 December 1968 Mariano Rumor sworn is as prime minister for the first time, leading a government composed by DC, PSU and PRI.^[3]

Mariano Rumor speaks to the Chamber of Deputies in March 1970

Between 1968 and 1970 a notable number of progressive reforms were carried out. On 11 December 1969 a new law extended access to higher education to all students holding a higher secondary school diploma. It was formerly limited to students who came from classical, and in some cases, scientific, curricula. Another bill, approved on 30 April 1969, introduced broad provisions covering pensions under the general scheme. The multiplying coefficient was increased to 1.85%, applied to average earnings of the best 3 years in the last 5 years of work (maximum pension, after 40 years of contribution: 74% of previous earnings). A social pension was also introduced for people over the age of 65 with low incomes and not eligible for any type of pension. In addition, cost of living indexation for all pensions (with the exception of social pensions) was introduced.^[4]

Rumor led three different governments. The second one, from August 1969 to February 1970, was a DC-only government; its collapse led to a 45-day long period without government. After this period, which included an attempt by former Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani to form a government, Rumor led a new coalition with PSI, PRI and PSDI from March until July 1970.^[5]

After another centre-left government led by Emilio Colombo, in February 1972 Giulio Andreotti was asked to form a new government which didn't obtained the confidence of the Parliament. On 28 February 1972 President Giovanni Leone dismissed the Parliament and called the first snap election in the history of the Italian Republic.^{[citation needed]}

Presidential election edit

On 9 December 1971 the Parliament and the representatives of the 20 Italian regions met to elect the fifth President of Italy. On 24 December 1971 the Christian democrat Giovanni Leone was elected on the twenty-third ballot with 518 votes out of 1008.^{[citation needed]}

Government edit

Prime Minister		Party	Term of office		Government	Composition
Prime Minister		Party	Took office	Left office	Government	Composition
	Giovanni Leone (1908–2001)	Christian Democracy	24 June 1968	12 December 1968	Leone II	DC (with PSU and PRI's external support)
	Mariano Rumor (1915–1990)	Christian Democracy	12 December 1968	5 August 1969	Rumor I	DC • PSU • PRI (Organic Centre-left)
			5 August 1969	27 March 1970	Rumor II	DC (with PSI, PSDI and PRI's external support)
			27 March 1970	6 August 1970	Rumor III	DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI (Organic Centre-left)
	Emilio Colombo (1920–2013)	Christian Democracy	6 August 1970	17 February 1972	Colombo	DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI (Organic Centre-left)
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	Christian Democracy	17 February 1972	26 June 1972	Andreotti I	DC

Parliamentary composition edit

Chamber of Deputies edit

Sandro Pertini, President of the Chamber of Deputies

President: Sandro Pertini (PSI), elected on 5 June 1968
Vice Presidents: Guido Gonella (DC, until 24 June 1968), Benigno Zaccagnini (DC), Lucio Mario Luzzatto (PSIUP), Arrigo Boldrini (PCI), Roberto Lucifredi (DC, from 24 July 1968)

Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition^[6] (5 June 1968)				Final composition^[6] (24 May 1972)
	Christian Democracy		266		Christian Democracy		263	3
	Italian Communist Party		177		Italian Communist Party		166	11
	Unified Socialist Party		91		Italian Socialist Party		62
	Unified Socialist Party		91		Italian Democratic Socialist Party		29
	Italian Liberal Party		31		Italian Liberal Party		30	1
	Italian Social Movement		24		Italian Social Movement		25	1
	Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity		23		Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity		22	1
	Italian Republican Party		9		Italian Republican Party		9
	Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity		6		Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity		5	1
	Mixed		3		Mixed		19	16
		Südtiroler Volkspartei	3			Südtiroler Volkspartei	3
						Independent–Non inscrits	16	16

Total seats			630	Total seats			630

Senate of the Republic edit

Amintore Fanfani, President of the Senate

President: Amintore Fanfani (DC), elected on 5 June 1968
Vice Presidents: Giuseppe Spataro (DC), Domenico Macaggi (PSI, till 9 March 1969), Pietro Secchia (PCI), Pietro Caleffi (PSI, from 13 May 1970), Italo Viglianesi (PSI, from 26 March 1970)

Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition^[7] (5 June 1968)				Final composition^[7] (24 May 1972)
	Christian Democracy		135		Christian Democracy		137	2
	Italian Communist Party		101		Italian Communist Party		102	1
	Unified Socialist Party		46		Italian Socialist Party		40
	Unified Socialist Party		46		Italian Democratic Socialist Party		6
	Italian Liberal Party		16		Italian Liberal Party		16
	Italian Social Movement		11		Italian Social Movement		13	1
	Mixed		6		Mixed		2	4
		Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity	2			Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity	0	2
		Italian Republican Party	2			Italian Republican Party	0	2
		Südtiroler Volkspartei	2			Südtiroler Volkspartei	2

Total seats			315	Total seats			315

Senators for Life edit

Senator	Motivation	Appointed by	From	Till
Giovanni Gronchi	Former President of Italy	ex officio	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Cesare Merzagora	Merits in the social field	President Antonio Segni	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Ferruccio Parri	Merits in the social field	President Antonio Segni	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Meuccio Ruini	Merits in the social and scientific field	President Antonio Segni	Previous legislature	6 March 1970 (deceased)
Antonio Segni	Former President of Italy	ex officio	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Eugenio Montale	Merits in the literary field	President Giuseppe Saragat	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Giovanni Leone	Merits in the social field	President Giuseppe Saragat	Previous legislature	29 December 1971 (elected President of Italy)

Pietro Nenni	Merits in the social field	President Giuseppe Saragat	25 November 1970	Next legislature
Giuseppe Saragat	Former President of Italy	ex officio	29 December 1971	Next legislature
Amintore Fanfani	Merits in the social field	President Giovanni Leone	10 March 1972	Next legislature

Gallery edit

Giovanni Leone with Sandro Pertini, President of the Chamber of Deputies, in June 1968
Confidence vote on Rumor III Cabinet at the Chamber of Deputies in March 1970
Giovanni Leone presidential inauguration on 29 December 1971

References edit

^ "Camera dei Deputati – 5ª Legislatura". www.storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
^ "Senato della Repubblica – 5ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
^ Governo Rumor I
^ La DC ricorda Mariano Rumor, Imola Oggi
^ "RUMOR IS SEEKING TO STAFF A CABINET". The New York Times. 25 March 1970. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
^ ^a ^b "V Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
^ ^a ^b "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella V Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.

[senato-1] "Camera dei Deputati – 5ª Legislatura". www.storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.

[camera-2] "Senato della Repubblica – 5ª Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.

[3] Governo Rumor I

[4] La DC ricorda Mariano Rumor, Imola Oggi

[5] "RUMOR IS SEEKING TO STAFF A CABINET". The New York Times. 25 March 1970. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

[chamber_composition-6] "V Legislatura della Repubblica italiana / Legislature / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.

[senate_composition-7] "senato.it – Composizione dei gruppi parlamentari nella V Legislatura". www.senato.it (in Italian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.

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