The Leeward Islands Station[1] originally known as the Commander-in-Chief at Barbadoes and the Leeward Islands[2] was a formation or command of the Kingdom of Great Britain and then the United Kingdom's Royal Navy stationed at English Harbour,[3] Antigua, Leeward Islands. It existed from 1743[4] to 1821.
| Leeward Islands Station | |
|---|---|
 English Harbour and Falmouth Harbour, Antigua | |
| Active | 1743–1821 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch |  Royal Navy |
| Type | Formation |
| Part of | Royal Navy |
| Garrison/HQ | Nelson's Dockyard |
History edit
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Antigua served as the headquarters of first the Commander in Chief Barbadoes and Leeward Islands then later the Commander in Chief, Leeward Islands which was the British navy's important base in the Eastern Caribbean area during the Napoleonic Wars The three most strategically important bases were Antigua, Barbados and St. Lucia.[3] The Station, was formed in October 1743[5] as a separate command to the older Jamaica Station[5][6] to protect Britain's sugar producing islands and its convoys. During the Seven Years' War, a number of large-scale naval actions were conducted by the Royal Navy from this Caribbean base, one of its major engagements was the Battle of the Saintes. The station was in existence from 1743 to 1821 when it was abolished. The last commander-in-chief was reappointed as the Commander-in-Chief for the North America station.[7]
Commander-in-Chief, Barbadoes and Leeward Islands edit
Included:[7][2]
= died in post
- Commodore Charles Knowles, (1743–1744)[8] (also Second-in-Command, Jamaica Station)
- Rear-Admiral Peter Warren (1744–1745)
- Commodore Fitzroy Henry Lee (1745–1746)
- Vice-Admiral Isaac Townsend, (1744–1746) [9]
- Commodore Edward Legge, (1746–1747)
- Captain George Pocock, (1747–1748)
- Rear-Admiral Henry Osborn, (1748)
- Commodore Francis Holburne, (1748–1752)
- Rear-Admiral Thomas Pye, (1752–1755)[10]
- Commodore Sir Thomas Frankland, (1754)[11]
- Commodore Charles Steevens (1755)
- Commodore Sir Thomas Frankland, (1756–1757)
- Commodore John Moore, (1757–1760)
- Commodore Sir James Douglas, (1760–1761)[12]
- Admiral Sir George Brydges Rodney, (1761–1763)[13]
- Rear-Admiral Sir William Burnaby, (1763)[14]
- Rear-Admiral Richard Tyrell, (1763)
- Rear-Admiral Robert Swanton, (1763–1764)[15]
- Rear-Admiral Richard Tyrell, (1765–1766)
- Vice-Admiral Thomas Pye, (1766–1769)
- Rear-Admiral Robert Man, (1769–1772)
Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands edit
= died in post
- Vice-Admiral William Parry, (1772-1775)
- Vice-Admiral James Young, (1775-1778)
- Rear-Admiral Samuel Barrington, (1778-1779)
- Vice-Admiral John Byron, (1779)
- Rear-Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, (1779-1780)
- Admiral Sir George Brydges Rodney, (1780-1781)
- Rear-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, (1781-1782)
- Admiral Sir George Brydges Rodney, (1782)
- Admiral Hugh Pigot, (1782-1783)
- Rear Admiral Sir Richard Hughes, (1783-1786)
- Commodore Sir Richard Bickerton, (1786-1787)
- Commodore Sir William Parker, (1787-1789)
- Rear-Admiral Sir John Laforey, (1789-1793)
- Rear-Admiral Alan Gardner, (1793)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Jervis, (1793-1794)
- Vice-Admiral Benjamin Caldwell, (1794-1795)
- Admiral Sir John Laforey, (1795–96)
- Rear-Admiral Sir Hugh Cloberry Christian, (1796)
- Rear-Admiral Henry Harvey, (1796-1799)
- Vice-Admiral Lord Hugh Seymour, (1799-1800)
- Rear-Admiral Sir John Duckworth, (1800-1801)
- Rear-Admiral Thomas Totty, (1801-1802)
- Commodore Samuel Hood, (1802)
- Commodore Robert Stopford, (1802-1805)
- Rear-Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane, (1805-1811)
- Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Laforey, (1811-1814)
- Rear-Admiral Sir Philip Charles Durham, (1814-1816)
- Rear-Admiral John Harvey, (1816-1818)
- Rear-Admiral Donald Campbell, (1818-1819)
- Commodore Thomas Huskisson, (1819-1820)
- Rear-Admiral William Charles Fahie, (1820-1821)
Citations edit
- ^ Ward (2011a), pp. 1–2.
- ^ a b Harrison, Simon. "Commander-in-Chief at Barbados & the Leeward Islands". threedecks.org. S. Harrison. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ^ a b Ward (2011b), p. 1.
- ^ Sanderson (1968), p. 5, 18.
- ^ a b Sanderson (1968), p. 5.
- ^ Sanderson (1968), p. 18.
- ^ a b Haydn (1851), p. 279.
- ^ Laurens (1970), p. 210.
- ^ Schomberg (1802), p. 232.
- ^ Winfield (2008), p. 144.
- ^ Schomberg (1802), p. 235.
- ^ Heslip (2010).
- ^ Billias (1972), p. 8.
- ^ Schomberg (1802), p. 238.
- ^ Little (1974).
References edit
- Billias, George Athan (1972). The Life and Correspondence of the Late Admiral Lord Rodney. Boston: Gregg Press. ISBN 9780839812715.
- Haydn, Joseph (1851). The Book of Dignities: Containing Lists of the Official Personages of the British Empire, the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. London: Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
- Heslip, Philip (April 2010). "James Douglas papers (1738-1850, bulk 1738-1787)". Clements Library. University of Michigan. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
- Laurens, Henry (1970). The Papers of Henry Laurens originally published November 1, 1755–December 31, 1758 (1st ed.). Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 9780872491410.
- Little, C. H. (1974). "Swanton, Robert". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- Miller, Nathan (2000). The Age of Fighting Sail, 1775–1815. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Richmond, Herbert William (1920). The Navy in the War of 1739–48. Vol. 1. Cambridge: The University Press.
- Rodger, N. A. M. (2004). The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. New York and London: W. W. Norton and Company.
- Sanderson, Michael William Bristowe (November 1968). English Naval Strategy and Maritime Trade in the Caribbean, 1793–1802 (PDF) (PhD). King's College London.
- Schomberg, Isaac (1802). Naval Chronology. Vol. 5. London: T. Egerton.
- Ward, Geoff (2011a). A Shift in Focus: The Shift in Naval Warfare in the Caribbean During the Eighteenth Century. St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: The University of the West Indies.
- Ward, Geoff (2011b). Nowhere is Perfect: British Naval Centres on the Leeward Islands Station during the Eighteenth Century (PDF). St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: University of the West Indies.
- Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1844157006.