Kilgram Bridge is a crossing point across the River Ure in North Yorkshire, England. The bridge, which has six arches, is thought to date back to the 12th century, and it is thought that it is built on the old Roman ford crossing point of the river. Kilgram bridge is traditionally associated as being at the eastern and lower end of Wensleydale and is now a scheduled monument.
Kilgram Bridge | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Coordinates | 54°16′08″N 1°42′25″W / 54.269°N 1.707°W |
| OS grid reference | SE191860 |
| Carries | Unclassified road |
| Crosses | River Ure |
| Locale | East Witton, North Yorkshire |
| Heritage status | Scheduled monument |
| Characteristics | |
| Total length | 130 feet (40 m) |
| Width | 15 feet (4.6 m) |
| No. of spans | 6 |
| Piers in water | 3 |
| History | |
| Opened | c. 1100 |
| Location | |
 | |
| References | |
| [1][2][3][4] | |
History edit
Kilgram Bridge is 2 miles (3.2 km) south-west of Middleham, and the site has been known as crossing point over the River Ure since Roman times.[5] The bridge follows the route of a paved Roman ford across the river which connected Catterick camp with Roman roads to the south side of Wensleydale.[6][7] It is believed that the bridge was built sometime between the founding of Richmond Castle in 1070 and the building of Jervaulx Abbey in 1145. An old rhyme states:
Of Kilgram Bridge we now did talk, And I had an answer given, That here a bridge was of stone work, In hundred years eleven.[2]
The monks of Jervaulx Abbey situated one of their granges (Kilgrim Grange, later Kilgram Grange) 460 feet (140 m) south of the bridge.[8]
John Leland, who visited the area in the 16th century commented that "..about a mile benethe Gervalx Abbay, is a gret old bridge of stone over Ure, caullyd Kilgram Bridge." Hatcher notes that is significant that even in the late 16th century, the bridge was considered old.[9] Not long after Leland had visited, the Elizabethan authorities granted £30 (equivalent to £9,000 in 2021) to the upkeep of the bridge.[10] The bridge was again awarded funds for repairs in the 17th century.[11] A cattle plague during the middle of the 18th century resulted in the bridge being watched by one man during the day and two men at night, to make sure farmers did not move their herds around. Justices sitting in Northallerton awarded payments of £8 and 10 Shillings for the watch between December 1748 and February 1749.[12]
The name Kilgram derives from Old Norse and is a personal name.[13] However, a folklore story about how the bridge acquired its name states a different derivation. The place where the bridge is built was notorious for fast flowing water or for flooding, so the devil is said to have promised to build an indestructible bridge, on the condition that when he had finished the bridge, the first living thing to cross the bridge would belong to him. When the bridge was complete, a local shepherd swam across and on reaching the other side, whistled for his dog (named Grim), who on crossing was killed by the devil (hence Kil-Grim).[14] Over the years, this has become Kilgram, rather than Kilgrim.[15] Another twist on the story is that one of the stones from the bridge parapet was removed, so the bridge was never actually finished, leaving the devil unable to collect his prize.[16][11]
The bridge is 300 feet (91 m) above sea level,[17] extends for 130 feet (40 m) across the river and is 15 feet (4.6 m) wide.[3] The two end arches are 9 feet (2.7 m) in span, whilst the middle four arches are 21 feet (6.4 m) across.[4] Kilgram Bridge is now a scheduled monument, listed with Historic England.[18] It has six ribbed segmental arches, with three of the piers standing in the water. The old Roman paved ford that crosses at the same point can be seen underneath the bridge in times of low river flow.[19][20]
Near to the bridge is a pumping station which abstracts water from the River Ure and pumps it up to Thornton Steward Reservoir.[21][22] Between 1967 and 2004, the water flow rate underneath the bridge was 559 cubic feet per second (15.84 m3/s).[23] The highest water level recorded here was in February 1995, when the water reached 18.5 feet (5.64 m).[24]
Traditionally, the bridge marks the eastern and lower end of Wensleydale.[1] The waters of the River Ure travel some 26 miles (42 km) from Moorcock Inn to Kilgram Bridge dropping from 1,001 feet (305 m) above sea level at the Moorcock Inn, to 300 feet (90 m) at Kilgram Bridge - a descent of 705 feet (215 m).[25][26]
Kilgram Bridge is 1.4 miles (2.2 km) south of Thornton Steward, and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) east of the village of East Witton, in which parish it resides.[27][28]
References edit
- ^ a b Mitchell, W. R. (1999). The story of the Yorkshire Dales. Chichester: Phillimore. p. 108. ISBN 1860770886.
- ^ a b Slack 1986, p. 63.
- ^ a b Jervoise, E. (1973). The ancient bridges of the North of England. EP Publishing. p. 78. ISBN 0-85409-952-2.
- ^ a b British Bridges. London: Thomas Telford. 2011 [1933]. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-7277-5069-3.
- ^ "Genuki: East Witton, Yorkshire, England. Geographical and Historical information from 1868., Yorkshire (North Riding)". genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ Wright, Geoffrey Norman (1985). Roads and trackways of the Yorkshire Dales. Ashbourne: Moorland. p. 59. ISBN 0861901231.
- ^ "Walks - Jervaulx Abbey". The Northern Echo. 3 January 2013. p. 41. ISSN 2043-0442.
- ^ Cale 1998, p. 6.
- ^ Hatcher, Jane (1990). Richmondshire architecture. Richmond: Hatcher. p. 82. ISBN 0951588001.
- ^ Speight 1897, p. 336.
- ^ a b Slack 1986, p. 64.
- ^ Slack 1986, p. 61.
- ^ Smith, A. H. (1979) [1928]. The Place Names of the North Riding of Yorkshire. English Place Name Society. p. 252. OCLC 19714705.
- ^ Slack 1986, pp. 63–64.
- ^ Adams, Bob (6 October 2016). "Black sheep, pheasants and a herd of bullocks". York Press. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ Hartley, Marie; Ingilby, Joan (1974) [1963]. The Yorkshire dales. London: Dent. p. 188. ISBN 0460020188.
- ^ Speight 1897, p. 21.
- ^ Historic England. "Kilgram Bridge (1004916)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ Smith, Jonathan (25 July 2020). "A beautiful corner of Yorkshire". Craven Herald. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Letter from the Dales". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. 23 October 1999. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ Copeland, Alexa (18 September 2017). "Project to preserve rural landscape and waterways". infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "27034 - Ure at Kilgram Bridge". nrfa.ceh.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "Water Power in the Dales | The Dales". thedales.org.uk. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ "River Ure level at Kilgram - GOV.UK". check-for-flooding.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ Warren, Estelle, ed. (2001). Yorkshire Dales National Park landscape character assessment (PDF). yorkshiredales.org.uk (Report). Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority. p. 52. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ Ashbourn, Julian (2011). Geological landscapes of Britain. Dordrecht Heidelberg: Springer. p. 145. ISBN 978-90-481-8860-4.
- ^ Cale 1998, p. 5.
- ^ "Election Maps". ordnancesurvey.co.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
Sources edit
- Cale, Kevin (1998). "Archaeological Investigation, Kilgram Bridge, East Witton". Kevin Cale Archaeological Consultant Unpublished Report Series. doi:10.5284/1037822.
- Slack, Margaret (1986). The bridges of Lancashire and Yorkshire. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 0-7090-2814-8.
- Speight, Harry (1897). Romantic Richmondshire. Being a complete account of the history, antiquities and scenery of the picturesque valleys of the Swale and Yore. London: E Stock. OCLC 7241488.