Journal to Eliza is a work by British author Laurence Sterne.[1][2] It was published posthumously in 1904.[3] It is written as a diary, but was supposedly intended as a love letter to Eliza Draper. Sterne predicted that it would be published long after the deaths of both himself and Draper.
Composition history
editSterne wrote it in the summer of 1767, as he neared the end of his life. At that time he was also writing A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy, where the 'little picture of Eliza' that Yorick wears around his neck is mentioned at the outset.[4]
The journal is in the form of a diary-cum-letter and was inspired by his deep affection for Mrs. Elizabeth Draper whom he had met when she visited England in 1765–1767. She was the 22 year old wife of an East India Company official and sister of Rawson Hart Boddam.[5] Her husband had brought her to recuperate from illness.[6] Given both parties were already married, the relationship was regarded as scandalous.[7]
Pseudonymous writing
editThe author adopts the pseudonym Parson Yorick, who previously appeared in his two best known novels, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman and A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy. In Tristram Shandy we are told that the parson is related to the famous, fictional jester Yorick whose skull is disinterred in William Shakespeare's Hamlet:
"It has often come into my head, that this post could be no other than that of the king’s chief Jester;—and that Hamlet’s Yorick, in our Shakespear, many of whose plays, you know, are founded upon authenticated facts,—was certainly the very man."[8]
Allusions to the Brahmins
editIn a second example of the author's playfulness with names, Sterne and Eliza receive the pet names ‘Bramin’ and ‘Bramine’ throughout. Given the Brahmin Hindu priestly caste is renowned for austerity and wisdom, Sterne thereby draws attention to his real-life role as a priest. Simultaneously, Eliza's epithet Bramine highlights her connections with India.
This playful religious name-calling serves to remind us that Sterne was an Anglican clergyman. Remembered now for his fiction, in his day more copies of his sermons were published than of his novels.[9]
Autobiographical elements
editThere is characteristically Sternian ambiguity in the Journal concerning whether it was written as a private extended love letter to Elizabeth Draper, or was intended for publication as literature. It appears to be both autobiographical and an imaginative work of fiction, and Sterne says he is writing for posterity:
"...when You and I are at rest for ever— Some Annotator or explainer of my works in this place will take occasion, to speak of the Friendship which Subsisted so long and faithfully betwixt Yorick and the Lady he speaks of."[10]
References
edit- ^ Sterne, Laurence (2003). A Sentimental Journey and Other Writings. Oxford World Classics. pp. 105–150.
- ^ "Laurence Sterne". Columbia Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 1 July 2006.
- ^ "Laurence Sterne: Journal to Eliza". The Literacy Encyclopedia.
- ^ Sterne, Laurence (2003). A Sentimental Journey and Other Writings. Oxford World Classics. p. 3.
- ^ Buckland, Charles Edward (1906). Dictionary of Indian Biography. S. Sonnenschein. p. 123. Retrieved 1 July 2006.
- ^ Sterne, Laurence (2003). A Sentimental Journey and Other Writings. Oxford World Classics. p. 132.
- ^ "Laurence Sterne". Columbia Enyclcopedia Online. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
- ^ Sterne, Laurence (2012). The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. The Penguin English Library. Kindle Edition. Volume 1, Chapter 11.
- ^ Sterne, Laurence (2003). A Sentimental Journey and Other Writings. Oxford World Classics. pp. xiv.
...when the first two volumes of The Sermons of Mr. Yorick appeared in May 1760, they did so with an impressive list of subscribers and eventually ran to more lifetime editions than the best-selling Tristram Shandy. In spite of their popularity in the 1760s and the decades after his death, Sterne's forty-five sermons are now the most neglected part of his canon.
- ^ Sterne, Laurence (2003). A Sentimental Journey and Other Writings. Oxford World Classics. p. 132.
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