Ixpantepec Nieves Mixtec, or simply Nieves Mixtec, is a variety of Mixtec spoken in the municipality of Ixpantepec Nieves, Oaxaca, Mexico and in San Diego County, California, United States.
| Ixpantepec Nieves Mixtec | |
|---|---|
| Tu̱ʼun ndáʼví[1][2] | |
| Pronunciation | [ˌtṵ̃˩ũ˧ˈⁿdaʔ˥vi˥][2] |
| Region | Ixpantepec Nieves, Oaxaca, Mexico and San Diego County, California, United States |
| Ethnicity | Mixtecs |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Classification edit
INALI classifies Nieves Mixtec as part of Upper Western Mixtec (Spanish: mixteco del oeste alto).[3] J. Kathryn Josserand classified it as part of Southern Baja Mixtec.[4] SIL grouped Nieves Mixtec with Silacayoapan Mixtec,[5] and found that speakers of Nieves Mixtec could understand 94% of Silacayoapan Mixtec, 75% of Juxtlahuaca Mixtec, 56% of Mixtepec Mixtec and 46% of Cacaloxtepec Mixtec.[6]
Phonology edit
Consonants edit
| [7] | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apico- alveolar |
Lamino- alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Labialized | ||||
| Voiceless | Stop | t | tʲ | tʃ | k | kʷ | |
| Continuant | s | ʃ | x | ||||
| Voiced | Stop | (ᵐb) | ⁿd | ⁿdʲ | (ᵑɡ) | ||
| Continuant | v | l | ʒ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
- The voiceless stops /t tʲ k/ lenite lenite in prosodically weak positions: /t/ becomes [d] or [ð], /tʲ/ becomes [ɾ], and /k/ becomes [ɡ] or [ɣ].[7]
- /x/ may be realized as [h].[8]
- /v/ may be realized as [β] or [β̞].[9]
- /ʒ/ may be realized as [j].[9]
- /ɲ/ may be realized as [j̃] in unstressed syllables.[11]
- Spanish consonants such as /p f b d ɾ r/ are found in loanwords. /r/ is also found in two animal names.[12]
Vowels edit
| [13] | Oral | Nasal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | Front | Central | Back | |
| +High | ii | uu | ĩĩ | ũũ | ||
| i | u | ĩ | ũ | |||
| −High | ee | aa | oo | ẽẽ | ãã | |
| e | a | o | ã | |||
Notes edit
- ^ Caballero & Carroll 2013, p. 1.
- ^ a b Carroll 2015, p. 116.
- ^ INALI n.d.
- ^ Josserand 1983, p. 470.
- ^ Egland, Bartholomew & Cruz Ramos 1983, p. 26.
- ^ Egland, Bartholomew & Cruz Ramos 1983, p. 36.
- ^ a b Carroll 2015, p. 38.
- ^ Carroll 2015, p. 40.
- ^ a b Carroll 2015, p. 43.
- ^ Carroll 2015, pp. 38, 41.
- ^ Carroll 2015, p. 44.
- ^ Carroll 2015, pp. 44–45.
- ^ Carroll 2015, p. 50.
References edit
- Bowen, Michael Andrew Villas-Boas (2010). Narrative strategies in Ixpantepec-Nieves Mixtec (M.A. thesis). San Diego State University.
- Caballero, Gabriela; Carroll, Lucien (2013). Procesos de adaptación prosódica en préstamos del español al rarámuri (tarahumara) de Choguita y al tu’un savi (mixteco) de Ixpantepec Nieves [Processes of prosodic adaptation of Spanish loanwords into Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara) and Ixpantepec Nieves Tu’un Savi (Mixtec)] (PDF). Sixth Conference on the Indigenous Languages of Latin America (in Spanish). The University of Texas at Austin.
- Caponigro, Ivano; Torrence, Harold; Cisneros, Carlos (January 2013). "Free relative clauses in two Mixtec languages". International Journal of American Linguistics. 79 (1): 61–96. doi:10.1086/668608. hdl:1808/14686.
- Carroll, Lucien Serapio (2015). Ixpantepec Nieves Mixtec Word Prosody (Ph.D. thesis). University of California, San Diego.
- Egland, Steven; Bartholomew, Doris; Cruz Ramos, Saúl (1983) [1978]. La Inteligibilidad interdialectal en México: Restultados de algunos sondeos [Interdialectical Intelligibility in Mexico: Some Survey Results] (in Spanish). México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
- "Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales" [Catalog of the National Indigenous Languages] (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas. n.d. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- Josserand, Judy Kathryn (1983). Mixtec Dialect History (Ph.D. thesis). Tulane University.
- Perry, Elizabeth (2009). "The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-at-Homes: The Persistence of Memory, Discrimination, and Social Hierarchies of Power" (PDF). The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies.