Ivan Fyodorovich Nikishov (Russian: Иван Фёдорович Никишов; 10 September 1894 – 5 August 1958) was a Soviet NKVD Lieutenant General and director of Dalstroy.
Biography
editNikishov was born in Varkino, in the Vologda Governorate of the Russian Empire. He joined the Communist Party in 1919.[1] He entered a career in the NKVD and became its head for Azerbaijan in 1937, where he directed the purges. In 1938 and 1939 he was the head of the NKVD at Khabarovsk.[2]
In 1940 Nikishov was appointed director of the Dalstroy organization.[2] At Magadan he divorced his wife and married the commandant of the women's camp, Alexandra Gridassova (rus.). The couple established a life of luxury in the Siberian wilderness replete with servants, cooks, chauffeurs, and a cultural brigade for entertainment.[3] Nikishov increased the gold production from the Kolyma mines. His difficulties in securing supplies for his operation were solved when the Lend-Lease program went into effect; he could divert cargo delivered to Magadan for services in the Gulag.[4] Ships of the Dalstroy fleet were sent to the United States for overhaul and repair for their duty to transport prisoners to the Gulag.[5] In 1944, Nikishov and NKVD general Goglidze were successful in presenting to Henry A. Wallace, the American Vice President, a sanitized version of the Dalstroy enterprise.[6] On 20 January 1944, he was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labour for increasing the production of raw materials in Dalstroy.[7][8]
Investigations for abuse of state funds and debauchery were initiated and he retired in 1948.[9] He died in his bath in 1956.[9]
Nikishov was a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1939 to 1952.[2]
Awards and honors
edit- Hero of Socialist Labour (1944)
- Four Orders of Lenin (1940, 1943, 1944, 1945)
- Two Orders of the Red Banner (1936, 1944)
- Order of Kutuzov, 1st class (1945)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1941)
References
edit- ^ Tzouliadis (2008), pp. 379–380
- ^ a b c Ukraine 33 list of Soviet Communists
- ^ Blum (1959), pp. 69–70
- ^ Tzouliadis (2008), pp. 207–208
- ^ Bollinger (2003), pp. 60–61, 89
- ^ Tzouliadis (2008), pp. 219–225
- ^ "Ivan Nikishov". Герои страны ("Heroes of the Country") (in Russian).
- ^ Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР «О присвоении звания Героя Социалистического Труда работникам Дальстроя НКВД» от 2о января 1944 года // Ведомости Верховного Совета Союза Советских Социалистических Республик : газета. — 1944. — 3 февраля (№ 6 (266)). — С. 1
- ^ a b Tzouliadis (2008), p. 320
Sources
edit- Blum, John Morton (1959). Years of Crisis, 1928–1938. From the Morgenthau Diaries. Vol. 1. Houghton Mifflin.
- Bollinger, Martin J. (2003). Stalin's Slave Ships: Kolyma, the Gulag Fleet, and the Role of the West. Praeger. ISBN 9780275981006.
- Tzouliadis, Tim (2008). The Forsaken. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-168-4.