Irving Warren Jaffee (September 15, 1906 in New York City – March 20, 1981 in San Diego, California) was an American speed skater who won two gold medals at the 1932 Winter Olympics, becoming the most successful athlete there along with his compatriot Jack Shea.[1][2] It was the first time two Americans had won medals in speed skating at a Winter Olympics.[3]
 Jaffee speed skating, 1932 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Personal information | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Full name | Irving Warren Jaffee | |||||||||||||||||
| Born | September 15, 1906 New York City | |||||||||||||||||
| Died | March 20, 1981 (aged 74) San Diego, California | |||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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Early life
editJaffee, who was Jewish,[4][5] was born to Jewish parents who had emigrated from Russia in 1896. He grew up in the Crotona Park section of The Bronx,[5] where he played baseball with future Hall of Famer Hank Greenberg. He briefly attended DeWitt Clinton High School, but dropped out after failing to make the varsity baseball team.
Career
editAt age 14, Jaffee took up skating at the Gay Blades of Iceland rink (which later became the Roseland Ballroom). Rather than pay the 75-cent admission fee, he worked as an ice cleaner to gain admission. He entered numerous skating races in the 1920s. He finally won the Silver Skates two-mile race in 1926, won the national five-mile event the following year,[2] and qualified for the U.S. Olympic team in 1928.
1928 Olympics
edit
At the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Jaffee finished fourth in the 5,000-meter skate, the best finish by an American in that event to that date.[4] In the following 10,000-meter race, Jaffee was leading the competition, having outskated Norwegian defending world champion Bernt Evensen in their heat, when rising temperatures thawed the ice.[4][6] In a controversial ruling, the Norwegian referee canceled the entire competition.[4] Although the International Olympic Committee reversed the referee's decision and awarded Jaffee the gold medal, the International Skating Union later overruled the IOC and restored the ruling.[1][7] Evensen, for his part, publicly said that Jaffee should be awarded the gold medal, but that never happened.[4] Regardless of the official rulings, Jaffee's performance made him a national sports hero.[8]
That year he also set a world record in the mile (2:30.6).[2]
1932 Olympics
editJaffee competed again at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.[4] At the time, Jaffee recalled, there were signs in Lake Placid that said "No dogs or Jews allowed".[9] There, he won gold medals in both the 5,000 and 10,000-meter races.[1][4] In the 10,000-meter race, Jaffee won in a thrilling finish by leaping across the finish line ahead of Frank Stack and Ivar Ballangrud. As he had in other races, Jaffee's accomplishment astounded the skating world, as few American skaters had ever rivalled their European competitors.[8]
In December 1932, his manager announced that Jaffee, and also Ivar Ballangrud, would turn professional.[10] Jaffee's professional career was aided by Postmaster General James Farley. Jaffee went on a ten-city professional tour, and later went into the skate manufacturing business, achieving success for a time as a businessman.[8]
Maccabiah Games
editHe served on the American board for the Second Maccabiah Games, held in Israel from April 2 to 10, 1935, despite official opposition by the British Mandatory government, along with Benny Leonard and Nat Holman.[11]
During the Great Depression, the unemployed Jaffee ended up on bread lines[12] and was forced to pawn his Olympic and other medals for $3500.[9][13] After he obtained a job on Wall Street, he went to redeem his medals, only to learn the pawn shop had gone out of business: he never saw the medals again.
In 1934, he worked as Winter Sports Director at Grossinger's Catskill Resort Hotel,[14] and set a world record there by skating 25 miles in 1:26:01. breaking the 30-year-old record by five minutes.[1][2][6][7] Jaffee also served as a coach to several Olympic speed skaters.[15]
Jaffee appeared in a full-page ad for Camel cigarettes in 1934, entitled "It Takes Healthy Nerves for Jaffee to be the World's Champion Skater; Steady Smokers Turn to Camels".[16]
Honors
editJaffee was elected to the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1940 and the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1979. He died in San Diego in 1981.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Siegman, Joseph (2000). Jewish sports legends: the International Jewish Hall of Fame. ISBN 9781574882841. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Wechsler, Bob (2008). Day by day in Jewish sports history. ISBN 9781602800137. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ "Olympic History Spiced With Great Achievements", The Atlanta Constitution, Atlanta, Georgia, pg. 254, 10 February 1980
- ^ a b c d e f g The Winter Olympics: An Insider's Guide to the Legends, Lore and The Games. 2009. ISBN 9781594853272. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ a b Riess, Steven A. (June 1998). Sports and the American Jew. ISBN 9780815627548. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ a b Horvitz, Peter S. (2007). The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heroes: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and The 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars. ISBN 9781561719075. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ a b Siegman, Joseph M. (September 15, 1906). The International Jewish Sports Hall ... ISBN 9781561710287. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Obituary, Irving Jaffee", San Francisco Examiner, San Francisco, California, pg. 16, 21 March 1981
- ^ a b Berman, Len (31 May 2005). Spanning the World: The Crazy ... ISBN 9780060757526. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ "Medicine Hat News Newspaper Archives, Dec 23, 1932, p. 4". newspaperarchive.com. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
- ^ Katchen, Alan S. (10 July 2009). Abel Kiviat, national champion ... ISBN 9780815609391. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ Rein, Irving; Kotler, Philip; Hamlin, Michael; Stoller, Martin (6 January 2006). High visibility: transforming your personal and professional brand. ISBN 9780071483131. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ Buchanan, Ian; Mallon, Bill (15 November 2005). Historical dictionary of the Olympic movement. ISBN 9780810865242. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ Lipman, Steve (August 6, 2004). "The Forgotten Olympians". The Jewish Week. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ "Olympedia, Irving Jaffee, Biography". Olympedia. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
- ^ "Steady Smokers Turn to Camels". Popular Science. February 1934. Retrieved January 10, 2016.