Infratemporal fossa

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The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity that is a part of the skull. It is situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch. It is not fully enclosed by bone in all directions. It contains superficial muscles, including the lower part of the temporalis muscle, the lateral pterygoid muscle, and the medial pterygoid muscle. It also contains important blood vessels such as the middle meningeal artery, the pterygoid plexus, and the retromandibular vein, and nerves such as the mandibular nerve (CN V3) and its branches.

Infratemporal fossa
Left infratemporal fossa.
Details
Part ofSkull
Identifiers
Latinfossa infratemporalis
MeSHD000080884
TA98A02.1.00.024
TA2428
FMA75308
Anatomical terminology

Structure

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Boundaries

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The boundaries of the infratemporal fossa occur:

Contents

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Muscles

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Arteries

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Infratemporal fossa

The infratemporal fossa contains the maxillary artery (originating from the external carotid artery).[1] It also contains some of its branches, including the:

Veins

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The infratemporal fossa contains the pterygoid plexus,[1] and the retromandibular vein.

Nerves

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The infratemporal fossa contains the mandibular nerve, the inferior alveolar nerve, the lingual nerve, the buccal nerve, the chorda tympani nerve, and the otic ganglion.[2]

Mandibular nerve
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The mandibular nerve, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3), also known as the "inferior maxillary nerve", enters infratemporal fossa from the middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone.[3]

The mandibular nerve gives off four nerves to the four muscles of mastication in the infratemporal fossa. These are the masseteric nerve to masseter muscle, the deep temporal nerve to temporalis muscle, the lateral pterygoid nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle, and the medial pterygoid nerve to medial pterygoid muscle. It also gives branches to mylohyoid muscle, the anterior belly of digastric muscle, the tensor veli palatini muscle, and tensor tympani muscle.

The mandibular nerve also gives off many sensory branches, including:

Communications

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The infratemporal fossa is connected to other spaces in the skull. It is connected to the middle cranial fossa by the foramen ovale and the foramen spinosum. It is connected to the temporal fossa, which lies deep to zygomatic arch. It is connected to the pterygopalatine fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure. It is connected to the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure. It is also connected to the parapharyngeal space. The inferior orbital fissure and the pterygomaxillary fissure form a T shape together.

Clinical significance

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Certain neoplasms can spread into the infratemporal fossa.[4][5] This can be surgically removed through the middle cranial fossa.[4] The infratemporal fossa can also be used to approach other parts of the skull.[6] The infratemporal fossa can be imaged using a CT scan.[5]

Additional images

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References

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  This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 184 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Joo, Wonil; Funaki, Takeshi; Yoshioka, Fumitaka; Rhoton, Albert L. (2013). "Microsurgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa". Clinical Anatomy. 26 (4): 455–469. doi:10.1002/ca.22202. ISSN 1098-2353. PMID 23355316. S2CID 38434579.
  2. ^ Moore, Keith L & Dalley, Arthur (2006). Clinically oriented anatomy (5th ed.), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  3. ^ Rea, Paul (2016). "2 - Head". Essential Clinically Applied Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Head and Neck. Academic Press. pp. 21–130. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-803633-4.00002-8. ISBN 978-0-12-803633-4.
  4. ^ a b Kawase, Takeshi (2012). "39 - Surgery for Trigeminal Neurinomas". Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques (6th ed.). Saunders. pp. 468–472. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-6839-6.10039-5. ISBN 978-1-4160-6839-6.
  5. ^ a b Guinto, Gerardo (2012). "36 - Surgical Management of Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas". Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques (6th ed.). Saunders. pp. 435–443. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-6839-6.10036-X. ISBN 978-1-4160-6839-6.
  6. ^ Fisch, Ugo (1983). "The infratemporal fossa approach for nasopharyngeal tumors". The Laryngoscope. 93 (1): 36–44. doi:10.1288/00005537-198301000-00007. ISSN 1531-4995. PMID 6185810. S2CID 12548018.
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