Central Kilimanjaro language

(Redirected from ISO 639:vun)

Central Kilimanjaro, or Central Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people.

Central Kilimanjaro
Central Chaga
Native toTanzania
RegionKilimanjaro
EthnicityChaga
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
vun – Wunjo
old – Mochi
Glottologvunj1238  Vunjo
moch1256  Mochi
E.622 (ex-E.62a,62b)[1]

There are several dialects:[1]

  • Moshi (Old Moshi, Mochi, Kimochi)
  • Uru
  • Mbokomu
  • Wuunjo (Wunjo, Vunjo, Kivunjo), including Kiruwa, Kilema, Mamba, Moramu (Marangu), Mwika

Moshi is the language of the Chaga cultural capital, Moshi, and the prestige dialect of the Chaga languages.

Phonology

edit

Vowels

edit
Front Central Back
High i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Low a aː

Consonants

edit
Consonants in the Moshi dialect[2][3]
Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar
Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate voiceless pf ts
prenasal ᵐbv ⁿdz ᶮdʒ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced (β)
Rhotic trill r
tap ɾ
Lateral l
Approximant w ɻ j
  • Sounds /k, ᵑɡ, l/ become palatalized as [kʲ, ᵑɡʲ, lʲ] when occurring before front vowels /i, e/.
  • /w/ is heard as a fricative [β] when before front vowels /i, e/.
Consonants in the Vunjo dialect[4]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d ɡ
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate voiceless pf ts
prenasal ᵐbv ⁿdz ᶮdʒ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced (β) ɣ
Rhotic trill r
tap ɾ
Lateral l (ʎ)
Approximant w ɹ j
  • Sounds /k, ᵑɡ, ɣ, l/ become palatalized as [kʲ, ᵑɡʲ, ɣʲ, lʲ] when occurring before front vowels /i, e/.
  • /l/ when palatalized as [lʲ] can also have a palatal lateral allophone [ʎ] in the Vunjo dialect.
  • /w/ is heard as a fricative [β] when before front vowels /i, e/.[4][3]

Bibliography

edit
  • Dalgish, Gerard M. (1978) 'The syntax and semantics of the morpheme ni in kiVunjo (Chaga)', Kiswahili, 48, 1, 42–56.
  • Philippson, Gérard (1984) '"Gens des bananeraies" (Tanzanie): contribution linguistique à l'histoire culturelle des Chaga du Kilimanjaro' (Cahier no. 16.) Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations.

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  2. ^ Nurse, Derek; Philippson, Gérard (1977). Tone in Old Moshi (Chaga). Studies in African linguistics 8: University of California, Los Angeles. pp. 49–80.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  3. ^ a b Philippson, Gérard; Montlahuc, Marie-Laure (2003). Kilimanjaro Bantu (E60 and E74). In Nurse, Derek and Philippson, Gérard (eds.), The Bantu Languages: London & New York: Routledge. pp. 475–500.
  4. ^ a b McHugh, Brian David (1990). Cyclicity in the phrasal phonology of KiVunjo Chaga. University of California at Los Angeles.