INSAT-4B was an Indian communications satellite which forms part of the Indian National Satellite System. Launched in 2007, it was placed in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 93.48° East.[5]
| Mission type | Communications |
|---|---|
| Operator | INSAT |
| COSPAR ID | 2007-007A |
| SATCAT no. | 30793 |
| Mission duration | Planned: 12 years Duration: 14 years, 10 months, 13 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Bus | I-3K |
| Manufacturer | ISRO |
| Launch mass | 3,028 kilograms (6,676 lb) |
| Dry mass | 1,335 kilograms (2,943 lb) |
| Power | 5,859 W[1] |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 11 March 2007, 22:03 UTC[2] |
| Rocket | Ariane 5ECA |
| Launch site | Kourou ELA-3 |
| Contractor | Arianespace |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Graveyard orbit |
| Deactivated | 24 January 2022[3] |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Geostationary |
| Longitude | 85.5° E (relocated on 20 Feb 2020) 83° E (relocated on 12 Oct 2019) |
| Semi-major axis | 42,163.57 kilometres (26,199.23 mi) |
| Eccentricity | 0.0003909 |
| Perigee altitude | 35,776 kilometres (22,230 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 35,809 kilometres (22,251 mi) |
| Inclination | 0.07 degrees |
| Period | 23.93 hours |
| Epoch | 11 November 2013, 22:16:22 UTC[4] |
Built by the Indian Space Research Organisation, INSAT-4B is based upon the I-3K satellite bus. It had a mass at launch of 3,028 kilograms (6,676 lb), with a dry mass of 1,335 kilograms (2,943 lb) and was expected to operate for twelve years. Two solar arrays power the satellite, while its communications payload consists of twelve C and twelve Ku band transponders.[6]
Arianespace was contracted to launch INSAT-4B using an Ariane 5 ECA carrier rocket. The launch occurred on 11 March 2007 at 22:03 UTC, from ELA-3 at Kourou.[2] The Skynet 5A military communications satellite for the British Ministry of Defence was launched aboard the same rocket.
INSAT-4B was successfully inserted into geosynchronous transfer orbit, from which it raised itself into geostationary orbit using a liquid-fuelled apogee motor.[6] It received the International Designator 2007-007A and Satellite Catalog Number 30793.[7] As of 11 November 2013, it is in an orbit with a perigee of 35,776 kilometres (22,230 mi), an apogee of 35,809 kilometres (22,251 mi), inclination of 0.07 degrees and an orbital period of 23.93 hours.[4]
Partial power failure
editOn 10 July 2010 INSAT-4B suffered a disruption in power supply from one of the two solar panels, rendering half of its transponder capacity useless. After review the cause of malfunction was found out to be electric arcing in slip ring of one of the solar panels.[8] Similar partial power supply failure also affected Eutelsat W2M now known as Afghansat 1 and caused delay in launch of GSAT-8 due to required design changes in relevant power systems of satellite bus.[9][10]
Relocation
editOn 11 November 2017, INSAT-4B maneuvered to lower its altitude and drifted eastward to reach new slot at 111.2°E on 18 December 2017.[11]
On 20 August 2019,[12] altitude of INSAT-4B was raised and it was relocated to new 83°E slot on 12 October 2019.[13]
On 15 February 2020, altitude of INSAT-4B was lowered and it was relocated to new 85.5°E slot on 20 February 2020.[14][15]
Decommissioning
editTowards the end of its life INSAT-4B was placed in Graveyard orbit under post mission disposal procedure and subsequently decommissioned on 24 January 2022, in accordance with the space debris mitigation guidelines recommended by UN and the Inter Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC).[3]
References
edit
- ^ "INSAT-4B". ISRO. 7 February 2022. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
- ^ a b McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ a b "Successful post mission disposal of INSAT-4B Satellite - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2022-02-07. Retrieved 2022-02-07.
- ^ a b "INSAT 4B Satellite details 2007-007A NORAD 30793". N2YO. 11 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ "UCS Satellite Database". Union of Concerned Scientists. 1 September 2013. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ a b Krebs, Gunter. "Insat 4A, 4B". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ Radhakrishnan, Koppillil (2016). My Odyssey: Memoirs of the Man behind the Mangalyaan Mission. Penguin UK. p. 190. ISBN 978-9385990380.
- ^ "'India losing satellites due to failure of imported components'". hindustantimes.com/. 2010-07-11. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
- ^ "Management of satellite capacity for DTH service by Department of Space (Report number 22 by Comptroller Auditor General)" (PDF). 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ "Archived TLE data from Space-track.org". Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ "Historical satellite position data for INSAT-4B for the month of August 2019 Jens T. Satre www.satellite-calculations.com". www.satellite-calculations.com. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
- ^ "Historical satellite position data for INSAT-4B for the month of October 2019 Jens T. Satre www.satellite-calculations.com". www.satellite-calculations.com. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
- ^ "Historical satellite position data for INSAT-4B for the month of February 2020 Jens T. Satre www.satellite-calculations.com". www.satellite-calculations.com. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
- ^ "Who will get ISRO's new capacity- Sun, Dish or Tata Sky?". Ultra News. 2020-02-08. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2020-02-20.