Humburi Senni language

Humburi Senni, or Central Songhay, is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken in the Hombori region, straddling the BurkinaMali border.

Humburi Senni
humburi ciini[1]
هُمْبُرِ ٺِينِ
Native toBurkina Faso, Mali
RegionHombori
Native speakers
(81,000 cited 1999–2021)[2]
Dialects
  • Hombori
  • Maransé
Latin
Arabic
Language codes
ISO 639-3hmb
Glottologhumb1243
Location of Songhay languages[3]

Northwest Songhay:

  Tagdal

Eastern Songhay:

  Humburi Senni
  Dendi

Orthography

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Table below illustrates the Latin alphabet for Humburi Senni in Mali, as standardized by "DNAFLA".

Humburi Senni Songhay Latin Alphabet (Mali)[4]
A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n
[a] [b] [t͡ʃ] [d] [e] [f] [ɡ] [h] [i] [d͡ʒ] [k] [l] [m] [n]
Ɲ ɲ Ŋ ŋ O o P p R r S s Š š T t U u W w Y y Z z Ž ž
[ɲ] [ŋ] [o] [p] [r] [s] [ʃ] [t] [u] [w] [j] [z] [ʒ]

Table below illustrates the Arabic (Ajami) alphabet for Humburi Senni, based on UNESCO.BREDA report on standardization of Arabic script in published in 1987 in Bamako.[5][6]

Humburi Senni Arabic alphabet (Mali)[5][6]
Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]
ا
‌( - )
[]/[ʔ]
ب
(B b)
[b]
ت
(T t)
[t]
ٺ
(C c)
[t͡ʃ]
ث
(S s)
[s]
ج
(J j)
[d͡ʒ]
Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]
ح
(H h)
[h]
خ
(Kh kh)
[x]
ݗ
(Ŋ ŋ)
[ŋ]
د
(D d)
[d]
ذ
(Z z)
[z]
ر
(R r)
[r]
Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]
ز
(Z z)
[z]
ژ
(Ž ž)
[ʒ]
س
(S s)
[s]
ش
(Š š)
[ʃ]
ص
(S s)
[s]
ض
(D d)
[d]
Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]
ط
(T t)
[t]
ظ
(Z z)
[z]
ع
( - )
[ʔ]
غ
(G g)
[ɡ]
ݝ
(G g)
[ɡ]
ڢ
(F f)
[f]
Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]
ݠ
(P p)
[p]
ڧ
(K k)
[k]
ك
(K k)
[k]
ل
(L l)
[l]
م
(M m)
[m]
ن
(N n)
[n]
Arabic
(Latin)
[IPA]
ه
(H h)
[h]
و
(W w)
[w]
ؤ
( - )
[ʔ]
ي
(W w)
[j]
ئ
( - )
[ʔ]

(Ɲ ɲ)
[ɲ]
Vowel at the beginning of a word
A E I O U
Short Vowels
اَ اٜ اِ اࣷ اُ
Long Vowels
Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
آ اٜيـ / اٜي اِيـ / اِي اࣷو اُو
Vowel at the middle or end of a word
a e i o u
Short Vowels
◌َ ◌ٜ ◌ِ ◌ࣷ ◌ُ
Long Vowels
aa ee ii oo uu
◌َا / ◌َـا ◌ٜيـ / ◌ٜـيـ
◌ٜي / ◌ٜـي
◌ِيـ / ◌ِـيـ
◌ِي / ◌ِـي
◌ࣷو / ◌ࣷـو ◌ُو / ◌ُـو

References

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  1. ^ Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)
  2. ^ Humburi Senni at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)  
  3. ^ This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
  4. ^ République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d'orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
  5. ^ a b Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of African Studies. [1]
  6. ^ a b Kew, Jonathan (2 June 2003). Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages (PDF).
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  • Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)
  • Heath, Jeffrey, (2014) Grammar of Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali). University of Michigan. Link