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Hanako Muraoka (村岡 花子, Muraoka Hanako, June 21, 1893 – October 25, 1968) was a Japanese novelist and translator. She is best known for translating Anne of Green Gables by L.M. Montgomery into Japanese.
Hanako Muraoka | |
|---|---|
村岡花子 | |
 Muraoka in 1953 | |
| Born | Annaka Hana June 21, 1893 |
| Died | October 25, 1968 (aged 75) Ōta, Tokyo, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation(s) | Novelist, translator |
Early life and education
editMuraoka was born on June 21, 1893, in Kofu, Yamanashi Prefecture. Her birth name was Hana Annaka (安中 はな, Annaka Hana).[1] Her parents were Methodists, and she was raised a devout Christian. She studied at the Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin and began writing children's stories when she was encouraged by translator Hiroko Katayama.[2] She graduated from school in 1913.
Career
editAfter graduation, Muraoka returned to Yamanashi and taught at a branch of the Tokyo Eiwa Jogakuin there. In 1917 she published her first book, Rohen (炉辺, "Fireside").[3]
She married Keizo Muraoka in 1919. They had a son in 1920. In 1926, after Keizo's printing company went bankrupt after the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake, they restarted the company in their home. Soon after that, their son died, leaving Muraoka depressed.[3] Katayama encouraged her to translate Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper, and this helped her resume her normal routine.
In 1932, Muraoka started a radio show in which she would read the news to children. The show became very popular, and children all over Japan called her Rajio no Obasan (ラジオのおばさん, "Aunty Radio"). The show ended in the early 1940s as World War II began. Muraoka did not want to read news that referred to Canadians as the enemy because many of her friends were Canadian.[3]
In 1939 Muraoka was given a copy of Anne of Green Gables by her friend Loretta Leonard Shaw, a Canadian missionary. Muraoka translated it during the war, bringing the draft with her during air raids. The book was published in 1952 and became a bestseller.[4] It was even added to the Japanese school curriculum in the 1970s.[5] Some translators later criticized Muraoka's translation because she had omitted some parts.[6]
Muraoka planned her first trip to Prince Edward Island in 1968. She was never able to visit before she died of a stroke on October 25, 1968.[7]
A television drama about Muraoka's life, Hanako to Anne, was broadcast on the NHK in 2014. It was based on her biography An no Yurikago: Muraoka Hanako no Shōgai (アンのゆりかご―村岡花子の生涯―, "Anne's Cradle: The Life of Hanako Muraoka"), which was written by her granddaughter, Eri Muraoka.[7]
Selected bibliography
editTranslations
edit- Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper (1927)
- Eleanor H. Porter's Pollyanna (1930)
- Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1948)
- Emma Orczy's The Scarlet Pimpernel (1950)
- Oscar Wilde's The Happy Prince (1951)
- Jean Webster's Daddy-Long-Legs (1951)
- L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables (1952) (sequels published from 1954–1959)
- Marie Louise de la Ramée's A Dog of Flanders (1952)
- Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1952)
- Frances Hodgson Burnett's A Little Princess (1954)
- Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Secret Garden (1955)
- Charles Kingsley's The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby (1956)
- Gene Stratton-Porter's Freckles (1957)[8]
- Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings's The Yearling (1958)
- Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1959)
- L.M. Montgomery's Jane of Lantern Hill (1960)
- L.M. Montgomery's Emily's Quest (1969)
References
edit- ^ 公益財団法人 大倉精神文化研究所 :: 第182回 小机が生んだ印刷王－バイブルの村岡さん－. www.okuraken.or.jp. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
- ^ "Prominent People of Minato City (Hanako Muraoka )". www.lib.city.minato.tokyo.jp. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
- ^ a b c Akamatsu, Yoshiko (2015). "During and After the World Wars: L. M. Montgomery and the Canadian Missionary Connection in Japan". The Looking Glass: New Perspectives on Children's Literature. 18 (2). ISSN 1551-5680.
- ^ Shannon, Anne (November 1, 2012). Finding Japan: Early Canadian Encounters with Asia. Heritage House Publishing Co. ISBN 9781927051566.
- ^ DeBlois, M. Elizabeth (2006). "Anne of Green Gables and Japan". The Looking Glass: New Perspectives on Children's Literature. 10 (2). ISSN 1551-5680.
- ^ Ledwell, Jane; Mitchell, Jean (April 1, 2013). Anne around the World: L.M. Montgomery and Her Classic. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. ISBN 9780773588592.
- ^ a b Durfee, Peter (June 22, 2014). "The Best-Loved Canadian Tale in Japan". Nippon.com. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
- ^ そばかす [Freckles]. NDL Online (in Japanese). National Diet Library. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
Further reading
edit- Muraoka, Eri (2021). Anne's Cradle: The Life and Works of Hanako Muraoka, Japanese Translator of Anne of Green Gables. Translated by Hirano, Cathy. Halifax: Nimbus Publishing. ISBN 1771089245.