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Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi

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Gladys Moore Vanderbilt, Countess Széchenyi (August 27, 1886 – January 29, 1965), was an American heiress from the Vanderbilt family and wife of Hungarian Count László Széchenyi. Owner of the Breakers, the grandest residence in Newport.

Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi
Portrait by Philip de László, 1921
Born
Gladys Moore Vanderbilt

(1886-08-27)August 27, 1886
Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.
DiedJanuary 29, 1965(1965-01-29) (aged 78)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
TitleCountess Széchenyi
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1908; died 1938)​
ChildrenCornelia Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék
Alice Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék
Gladys Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék
Sylvia Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék
Ferdinandine Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék
Parents
FamilyVanderbilt (by birth)
House of Széchenyi (by marriage)

Early life

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Gladys with her mother and sister Gertrude at The Breakers library, 1932

She was born Gladys Moore Vanderbilt in 1886, the seventh and youngest child of Cornelius Vanderbilt II and his wife Alice Claypoole Gwynne. Her father was the president and chairman of the New York Central Railroad and part of the prominent Vanderbilt family.

She grew up in the largest private house ever built in New York City, The Vanderbilt II family mansion on Fifth Avenue and at their summer "cottage" called The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island.[1] She attended Miss Chapin's School in New York.[2]

Her first cousin was Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough, who had married Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough.[3]

One of her siblings was Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt, who was the father of Gloria Vanderbilt, the mother of Anderson Cooper.

Inheritance

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The Breakers, Newport, Rhode Island
 
The Breakers's Great Hall

She inherited about $25 million (equivalent to almost $1 billion today) from her father's estate and a further $5 million from her mother's estate.[4] She also inherited The Breakers. In 1948, as a widow, she leased The Breakers to the Preservation Society of Newport County for $1 a year. She continued to maintain an apartment in The Breakers by agreement until her death. In 1951, she donated her mother's iconic Electric Light dress to the Museum of the City of New York.[5][6]

In 1913, there were rumors that she was going to leave her husband due to his financial woes,[7] including gambling away all of her dowry.[8]

War aid

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In 1914, during World War I, she placed her palace in Budapest at the disposal of the army. Shortly thereafter, 600 reservists were quartered there, and she further intended to use the palace as a hospital.[9][10]

Marriage and children

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Gladys Vanderbilt by John Singer Sargent, 1906
 
Count László Széchenyi wearing Hungarian díszmagyar by Philip de László 1931

On January 27, 1908, she married Hungarian Count László Széchenyi (1879–1938) in New York City.[11][12] Their union was the most talked about and widely reported since her cousin Consuelo Vanderbilt's. The couple visited Hungary[13] almost every summer with their five daughters:

  • Countess Cornelia "Gilia" Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék (1908–1958),[3] who married Eugene Bowie Roberts (1898–1983), an heir of the Roberts family of Bowie, Maryland (a colonial family of Maryland), they had three children;
  • Countess Alice "Ai" Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék (1911–1974),[14] who married Hungarian Count Béla Hadik (1905–1971), they had two sons;
  • Countess Gladys Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék (1913–1978),[15] who married the half American English peer Christopher Guy Finch-Hatton, 15th Earl of Winchilsea (1911–1950), they had two sons;
  • Countess Sylvia Anita Gabriel Denise Irene Marie "Sylvie" Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék (1918–1998), who married Hungarian Count Antal Szapáry von Muraszombath Széchysziget und Szapar (1905–1972), they had two children;
  • Countess Ferdinandine "Bubby" Széchényi de Sárvár-Felsövidék (1923–2016), who married Austrian Count Alexander von und zu Eltz (1911–1977), they had two sons.

In March 1912, Countess Széchenyi's jewelries worth $200,000 ($8 million today) was stolen from her town residence in Budapest, the detective afterward found the jewels in a motor car garage, where they had been hidden by being wrapped in a piece of newspaper behind a barrel. The countess promptly sent a $600 reward to the investigator. Upon learning of this, the Chief of Police issued an order for the money's return, stating that the police officer had fulfilled his duties and didn't need any further compensation.[16]

Her sister Gertrude was married to Harry Payne Whitney, brother to Dorothy Payne Whitney, whose son Whitney Straight married Lord Winchilsea's sister, Lady Daphne Finch-Hatton.

 
Countess Sylvia Széchényi in riding habit by Philip de László 1931

Countess Széchenyi died in 1965. In 1972, the Preservation Society purchased The Breakers for $365,000 from her heirs.[citation needed] Her daughter, Countess Sylvia Szapáry, maintained a residence at The Breakers[17] on the third floor until her death on March 1, 1998.

Descendants

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Through her eldest daughter, Cornelia, she was the grandmother of three – Gladys Vanderbilt Roberts (b. 1934), Cornelia Roberts (1936–1982), who married Count Hans-Heinrich von Coudenhove-Kalergi (1926–2004), and Eugene Bowie Roberts, Jr. (1939–2020). Through her daughter Alice, she was grandmother to Count László Hadik von Futak (1932–1973) and Count János Hadik von Futak (1933–2004). Through her daughter Gladys, she was the grandmother of Christopher Denys Stormont Finch-Hatton, the 16th Earl of Winchilsea (1936–1999) and the Hon. Robin Finch-Hatton (1939–2018). Through her daughter Sylvia, she was the grandmother of Count Pál László Szapáry (b. 1950) and Countess Gladys Vanderbilt Szapáry (b. 1952). Through her youngest child, Ferdinandine, she was the grandmother of Count Peter von und zu Eltz (b.1948) and Count Nicholas (Nicky) von und zu Eltz (1950–2012).[18]

References

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  1. ^ Vanderbilt, Arthur T. II (1989). Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt. New York: Morrow. ISBN 0-688-07279-8.
  2. ^ "EDUCATION: Death of Miss Chapin". Time. March 19, 1934.
  3. ^ a b Times, Special Cable To The New York (October 28, 1908). "DAUGHTER TO SZECHENYIS.; Former Miss Gladys Vanderbilt Becomes a Mother at Her Castle". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  4. ^ "GLADYS VANDERBILT IS 21.; She Will Soon Receive $12,500,000 from Her Father's Estate". The New York Times. August 25, 1907. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  5. ^ How a costume ball changed New York elite society
  6. ^ "MCNY Collections Portal". collections.mcny.org. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  7. ^ Times, Special Cable To The New York (April 20, 1913). "SZECHENYI SUFFERS FINANCIAL LOSSES; With His Wife, Formerly Gladys Vanderbilt, He May Leave Hungary for London". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  8. ^ Times, Special Cable To The New York (July 31, 1913). "MAY BE SZECHENYI DIVORCE; Budapest Reports That the Former Gladys Vanderbilt Will Sue". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  9. ^ "COUNTESS SZECHENYI HELPS.; Former Gladys Vanderbilt Gives Use of Palace to Army". The New York Times. August 3, 1914. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  10. ^ Service, International Film (December 7, 1919). "COUNTESS SZECHENYI'S STORY; Former Gladys Vanderbilt Describes Privations and Sufferings in Hungary, Where She Barely Escaped Russians Countess Szechenyi's Story". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  11. ^ "THE VANDERBILT WEDDING.; Miss Gladys to Become Count Szechenyi's Bride on Jan. 27". The New York Times. January 7, 1908. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  12. ^ "THE HOUSE OF SZECHENYI IN MAGYAR ANNALS; Long and Hungarian Family Into Which Miss Gladys Vanderbilt will be Married To-morrow". The New York Times. January 26, 1908. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  13. ^ "BALL FOR SZECHENYIS.; Former Miss Vanderbilt Meets the Magyar Aristocracy at Budapest". The New York Times. May 10, 1908. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  14. ^ "SZECHENYI'S SECOND CHILD.; Daughter Born to Him and the Countess -- Son to Viscountess Maidstone". The New York Times. August 5, 1911. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  15. ^ Times, Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph To The New York (August 16, 1913). "DAUGHTER TO SZECHENYIS.; She Was Born at Her Parents' English Home on Thursday". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  16. ^ Times, Marconi Transatlantic Wireless Telegraph To the New York (March 7, 1912). "COUNTESS SZECHENYI ROBBED OF JEWELS; Gems Worth $200,000 Stolen from Her in Budapest -- Policeman Recovers Them". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  17. ^ Times, Special To The New York (September 23, 1947). "Countess Szechenyi a Citizen". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  18. ^ List of Dutch patrician families in the Nederland's Patriciaat 1910-2007/2008 (PDF).
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