Etienne de Swardt (born August 27, 1970 in Pretoria, Republic of South Africa), is a creator and publisher of French perfumes.[1][2]
Etienne de Swardt | |
|---|---|
| Born | August 27, 1970 |
| Nationality | South African, French |
| Label | Etat libre d'Orange |
Early life edit
Etienne de Swardt was born in 1970 to a South African father, an engineer, and a French mother, an associate[dubious ] professor of classical letters. In 1975, his parents left South Africa for New Caledonia. In 1993, Etienne de Swardt arrived in Paris, where he enrolled at ESSEC. After his studies, he joined the LVMH group in 1994 and wrote the concepts of Givenchy perfumes until 2000.[3][4][5]
Career as Perfume Creative Director edit
In May 2000, Etienne de Swardt launched the first line of perfumes for dogs: “Oh My Dog!" followed by "Oh My Cat!", marketed by the company Dog Generation.[6][7][8] In 2004, he launched the perfume and body care range of the American boxing brand Everlast with the slogans “Made in Pain” and “Nothing soft comes out of the Bronx ”.[9]
In 2006, Etienne de Swardt founded the Etat Libre d'Orange, a gallery located in Paris, where he invited perfumers to create perfumes outside the constraints and traditional codes of the industry. Etienne de Swardt wanted to create an enclave of absolute freedom and olfactory libertinism and wrote a declaration of independence which became the Orange Free State manifesto.[10][11][12]
References edit
- ^ "Indie beauty brands are using anti-perfumes to stand out". Glossy. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "A Parisian Perfume for People Who Want to Smell Like Semen". www.vice.com. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Etienne de Swardt - État Libre d'Orange's maverick founder reveals his five (somewhat saucy...) favourite smells". The Perfume Society. 20 June 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Interview with Etienne de Swardt, founder of Etat Libre D'Orange". fragroom.com. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Meet The Founder Of The Most Controversial Fragrance House Ever". Harper's Bazaar Singapore. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Will You Be Pre-Orduring This New Scent Made From Waste?". WeRSM - We are Social Media. 14 April 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Nez, la revue… de presse - #11 - Où l'on apprend que les singes se parfument, que les punaises sentent la coriandre, et la coriandre le savon ! - Nez le mouvement culturel olfactif". Nez (in French). 25 November 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (26 March 2018). "Etat Libre D'Orange, Parfum dengan Aroma Tak Biasa". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ Mania, от Profu. "Привет из Африки Etat Libre d'Orange (Свободная Оранжевая Республика) — Профумания" (in Russian). Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Etienne de Swardt | Etat Libre d'Orange". Etat Libre d'Orange. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Etat Libre d'Orange :: Perfume Houses :: Now Smell This". nstperfume.com. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
- ^ "Etat Libre d'Orange - Le parfum est mort, vive le parfum! ~ Niche Perfumery ~ Fragrantica". www.fragrantica.com. Retrieved 6 March 2021.