The Japanese rubyfish (Erythrocles schlegelii) also known as the Pacific rover or dusky rover, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Emmelichthyidae, the rovers, bonnetmouths and rubyfishes. This fish is found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.
| Japanese rubyfish | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Emmelichthyidae |
| Genus: | Erythrocles |
| Species: | E. schlegelii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Erythrocles schlegelii (Richardson, 1846)
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Taxonomy
editThe Japanese rubyfish was first formally described as Emmelichthys schlegelii by the Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and Arctic explorer Sir John Richardson with its type locality given as Nagasaki. Richardson based his description on an illustration of a fish in part7-9 of their volume on Pisces of the Fauna Japonica by Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel which they called called Erythrichthys but did not give a specific name to,[3] Richardson named it in Schlegel's honour.[4] In 1859 Albert Günther also gave the name Erythrichthys schlegelii to the illustration by Temminck and Schlegel with its type locality as the Sea of Japan, without citing Richardson, 1846, in his Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. In 1919 David Starr Jordan replaced the generic name Erythrichthys with Erythrocles as Erythrichthys was preoccupied by Erythrichthys Bonaparte, 1831. This species is the type species of the genus Erythrocles.[5] The genus Erythrocles is classified in the family Emmelichtyidae in the order Acanthuriformes.[6]
Description
editThe Japanese rubyfish has an oblong body that has a depth of one-fifth to one-third of its standard length and which is less than the length of the head. The dorsal fin is incised to its base immediately before the last dorsal fin spine. The first dorsal fin contains 10 spines with the second dorsal fin having a single spine and between 10 and 12 soft rays.[7] The anal fin has 3 spines and 9 or 10 soft rays.[8] The caudal peduncle has a low, fleshy ridge on each side. The front of the lower jaw typically has a row of tiny teeth.[7] They are bluish grey on the upper body, silvery white with pinkish hue ventrallu with reddish orange caudal and pectoral fins. This species has reached a maximum published total length of 72 cm (28 in).[2]
Distribution and habitat
editThe Japanese rubyfish has an Indo-West Pacific distribution. It is found in eastern Africa where it has been recorded from South Africa, Madagascar and Kenya east as far as Hawaii, north to southern Japan and south to Australia.[1] In Australia it occurs from Rottnest Island in Western Australia around the northern tropical coast as far as Moreton Bay in Queensland and Lord Howe Island.[8] This is a demersal fish found in deep waters at depths of 215 to 300 m (705 to 984 ft).[2]
Biology
editThe Japanese rubyfish has been reported to feed mainly on shrimps in the family Sergestidae, as well as on small mesopelagic lanternfishes, snaggletooths and barracudinas. Off the Philippines, in the photic zone. the larvae and juvenlies of this species have been photographed in close association with the pelagic salp Pegea confoederata. These young fishes either drift beside a colony of salps or live within the cavities of individual members of the colony.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b Al Abdali, F.S.H.; Al Buwaiqi, B.; Al Kindi, A.S.M.; et al. (2019). "Erythrocles schlegelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T123426960A123494662. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T123426960A123494662.en. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Erythrocles schlegelii". FishBase. February 2023 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Erythrocles". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Emmelichthyidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
- ^ a b Philip C. Heemstra (2022). "Family Emmelichthyidae, Rovers". In P.C. Heemstra; et al. (eds.). Coastal fishes of the western Indian Ocean. Volume 4 (PDF). South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 25–28. ISBN 978-1-990951-31-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-20. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
- ^ a b c Bray, D.J. (2022). "Erythrocles schlegelii". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 13 April 2023.