Wikipedia

Edward George Honey

Edward George Honey (18 September 1885 – 25 August 1922) was an Australian journalist who suggested the idea of five minutes of silence in a letter to a London newspaper in May 1919, about 6 months before the first observance of the Two-minute silence in London.

Edward George Honey
E.G. Honey, of The Argus, c.1908
Born(1885-09-18)18 September 1885
Elsternwick, Victoria, Australia
Died25 August 1922(1922-08-25) (aged 36)
Northwood, London, England
NationalityAustralian
OccupationJournalist
Spouse
Amelia Josephine Honey, née Toomey
​
​
(m. 1915)​

The Australian government officially credits him with being the originator of this tradition, observed on Armistice Day (now known as Remembrance Day), but no original sources from that time have been found to confirm this, and most non-Australian sources attribute its origin to Sir Percy FitzPatrick. It is not known whether Honey was aware of the practice started in Cape Town on 14 May 1918, nearly a year earlier.

Family

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The son of Edward Honey, and Mary Honey, née Bolton, Edward George Honey was born at Elsternwick, Melbourne, on 18 September 1885.[1] Edward Senior ran an indenting agency at 31 Queen Street, Melbourne.[2] His only brother, William Henry Honey (1879–1959) was an author and publisher (W.H. Honey Publishing Co., Margaret-street, Sydney), who also worked in advertising.[3] One of his three sisters, was the talented and successful artist Constance Winifred Honey[2] who moved to London after being awarded the (Melbourne) National Gallery's Travelling Scholarship, had works hung in the National Gallery annual exhibitions, never returned to Australia and later died in an accident in London in 1944.[4][Note 1]

Honey married Amelia Josephine "Millie" Toomey (1885–1969), the daughter of Thomas Toomey and Helena Toomey, née Mee, in England on 24 June 1915.[5][6][7][8]

Education

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As was the case with his older brother William,[9][10] Honey was educated at Caulfield Grammar School, in St Kilda East,[11] and he attended from 1895, when he was 10 years old.[12][13][14][Note 2]

He completed his education at Wellington College, in Mount Victoria, New Zealand.[15]

           IN THE STREET.
Words we let fall in the street,
  When dusk is falling around,
Lost midst the clattering feet,
  Die in the great roar of sound.

Smiles we exchange as we pass—
  Of friendship, hate, or disdain,
As varies Society's glass;—
  We smile and vanish again.

Remembrance remains—will remain;
  Stings the hurt feelings and heart;
Yet when we meet once again,
  We'll smile, we'll pass—far apart.
—E. G. Honey, Dunedin, June, 1902.[16]

Journalism career

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In early 1904, at the age of 18, Honey became part owner of a small magazine called Spectre in Palmerston North,[17] New Zealand which went bankrupt. He then worked as journalist for a paper which folded. He returned to Australia and worked for his father trying to attract new clients in Queensland, without success. He returned to Melbourne to work for The Argus newspaper for a while.[18]

In 1909 he moved to London and worked for the Daily Mail. He suffered from poor health and, after many weeks in hospital was sent by Lord Northcliffe, owner of the newspaper, to recuperate at a hydro in Warwickshire. Before going there, however, Honey went to the races at Epsom the next day, where he was spotted by other journalists, and upon his return to London found his pay cheque and dismissal notice ready for him.[14]

Honey was employed on staff at the Daily Citizen, a newspaper launched in 1912 by the Labour Party. The Daily Citizen folded in 1915.[19] He appeared as a visitor staying at a hotel in Bourton-on-the-Water in the Cotswolds in the 1911 Census, aged 26 and occupation shown as "author journalist".[20]

He apparently missed an opportunity for an assignment as a war correspondent in late 1914 working for one of London's leading editors, when his wife could not find him in all of "his usual haunts in Fleet Street".[14]

On discharge from the military, Honey returned to Fleet Street as a freelance journalist. His work was widely published including in; the Daily Mail, the Evening News, The Daily Sketch, The Chronicle and the Daily Mirror. Honey used multiple nom de plumes for his freelance articles e.g. Warren Foster, Margaret Graham and Joan Sinclair.

In 1919 his biography of the Minister of Food Control, and future leader of the Labour Party, From mill boy to minister : an intimate account of the life of Rt. Honourable J.R. Clynes, M.P, was published by J M Dent.[21] Honey published the biography using the pen name Edward George.

Military service

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He enlisted in the Middlesex Regiment on 16 April 1915 as a clerk. He was not sent abroad and was discharged on 17 April 1916 under para 392, XXV (Services no longer required).[22][23][14]

The concept of minutes of silence in remembrance of war

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See also: Two-minute silence

On 8 May 1919 a letter Honey wrote to Evening News newspaper, was published under the headline "A Peace Day Essential."[24] Honey used the pen name Warren Foster.[25] He suggested silence was an appropriate commemoration for the first anniversary of the Armistice which signalled the end of World War I, on 11 November 1918: the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month".[26]

In "A Peace Day Essential" Honey said,

"Five little minutes only. Five silent minutes of national remembrance. A very sacred intercession ... Communion with the Glorious Dead who won us Peace, and from the communion new strength, hope and faith in the morrow. Church services, too, if you will, but in the street, the home, the theatre, anywhere, indeed, where Englishmen and their women chance to be, surely in this five minutes of bitter-sweet silence there will be service enough."[27]

Honey had been prompted to make the suggestion as he had been angered by the way in which people had celebrated with dancing in the streets on the day of the Armistice, and believed a period of silence to be a far more appropriate gesture in memory of those who had died at war.[14] He also drew upon the experience he had in a train travelling in the west of England during a silent interlude for the funeral of King Edward VII. All trains and traffic stopped at noon on the day. Five people in his train compartment "sat uncovered" for 3 minutes.[2][28]

There is no record of Honey's letter having officially inspired the Remembrance Day tradition. However, his wife Millie said that journalists in Fleet Street believed Honey was the instigator of the silence[29][30] Nearly 7 months after Honey's letter, records close to King George V show that on 27 October 1919, a suggestion from South African author and politician Sir Percy Fitzpatrick for a similar idea for a moment of silence was forwarded to George V, then King of the United Kingdom. The letter was sent though Lord Milner, who had previously held high office in South Africa, On 7 November 1919, King George V formally requested the observance of the two minutes' silence throughout the British Empire.[31][32]

Death

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Honey died on 25 August 1922 at the age of 36, whilst a patient at the Mount Vernon Hospital.[33] He was buried in 'Section B' at Northwood Cemetery in North West London.[34] A small brass plaque commemorates his life and role in the two minutes silence.[35]

In 1937, his widow reported to a journalist that she had been left penniless after her husband's death.[36][37]

A monument to Honey was erected by Eric Harding near the Shrine of Remembrance in St Kilda Road in 1965.[38][39][40] It was unveiled by the Lord Mayor of Melbourne, Leo Curtis on 7 May 1965.[41]

Conflicting sources of information

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Although the Australian government officially recognises Honey as having first raised the idea in the public domain,[42][43] George V officially thanked Fitzpatrick for his contribution of the Two Minute Pause in 1920.[44]

A letter to an Australian newspaper in 1925 suggests that Honey may have been inspired by silences observed in the United States when the Maine was finally sunk in 1912.[33]

The contribution of Honey was recognised by the then-principal of Caulfield Grammar School, Walter Murray Buntine,[45] in the school's 1931 golden jubilee publication:[46]

"It may not be generally known, but Edward George Honey, who attended the school in the year 1895; and thereafter proceeded to England, where he became a leading journalist, was the founder of the Two Minutes Silence of the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month."[46]

Eric Harding's booklet written in support of the monument to Honey erected in 1965 acknowledges that other silences had been held before (upon the death of King Edward, the silences in South Africa "when the war was going badly for the Allies", ceremonies in Australia for lost miners, in the US when the Maine was sunk, amongst others), but in his words "the originality of Honey's suggestion is based on the fact that this was the first time in history that a victory had been celebrated as a tribute to those who sacrificed their lives and their health to make the victory possible".[Note 3] Harding also acknowledges that, despite extensive research, no evidence of Honey's attendance at any rehearsal at Buckingham Palace, nor any record of an official communication mentioning Honey's letter having played a part in the adoption of the remembrance tradition, could be found, and that the only "proof" was that the letter preceded the formal approach to the King by several months. However he also writes that "Sir Percy's right to recognition for bringing the matter to official notice does not detract in any way from Honey's right to recognition as the first to make the suggestion."[2]

According to an Australian War Memorial article, Honey attended a trial of the event with the Grenadier guards at Buckingham Palace, as did Fitzpatrick (although it was not known whether they ever actually met or discussed their ideas).[48] However, Honey's wife (whom he called "Millie"), as reported by her friend M.F. Orford's 1961 article, states that he "never went out into the streets near the crowds at any time during the observance of the Silence...”, and they only heard about the observance of the first Two Minutes' Silence when the order was announced by Buckingham Palace.[14]

An unidentified Age reporter describes a visit to the Shrine of Remembrance in 2005 and being told by the Senior Custodian, Tony Bowers,[49] as recorded in an article written by a Shrine researcher, that the Silence had not in fact been invented by Honey, but by Fitzpatrick based on the Cape Town Mayor's practice.[50]

See also

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ According to Design & Art Australia Online,[4] Winifred was youngest of three daughters in a family which travelled from Cornwall to New Zealand before settling in Melbourne. (According to Eric Harding,[2] his other sisters were Eva and Violet.)
  2. ^ Orford's article reports that he went to Melbourne Grammar School, but most sources report Caulfield, and the archivist at Melbourne Grammar confirmed by email on 19 November 2018 that he had not attended that school.
  3. ^ This is somewhat at odds with the fact that the Two Minute Silent Pause of Remembrance for the war dead had continued to be held daily in Cape Town until May 1919.[47]

Citations

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  1. ^ Births: Honey, The Argus, (Monday, 21 September 1885), p.1.
  2. ^ a b c d e Harding, Eric (May 1965). Remembrance Day silence: First proposed by Edward George Honey, Australian journalist (Supplementing article by Mrs. M.F. Orford, Victorian Historical Magazine, November 1961). Melbourne: Eric Harding. OCLC 220250498.
  3. ^ "Honey, William Henry (1879-1959), p.215 in S. Lees & P. MacintyreThe Oxford Companion to Australian Children's Literature, Oxford University Press, (Melbourne) 1993.]
  4. ^ a b "Constance Winifred Honey b. 1892". Design & Art Australia Online. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  5. ^ "England and Wales Marriage Registration Index, 1837-2005: Edward G Honey". FamilySearch. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  6. ^ "England and Wales Marriage Registration Index, 1837-2005: Amelia J. Toomey". FamilySearch. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  7. ^ An Inspiration of Silence That Lived, The Age, (Wednesday, 12 November 1958), p.1.
  8. ^ She died in February 1969, and was buried at the Box Hill Cemetery.
  9. ^ Webber's (1981, p.297) Register of Caulfield Grammar Students has: "Honey, W.H. 1889-?".
  10. ^ Caulfield Grammar School Athletic Sports, The Australasian, (Saturday, 2 November 1889), p.16; School Sports: Caulfield Grammar School, The Argus, (Monday, 24 October 1892), p.10; Caulfield Grammar School, The Australasian, (Saturday, 29 October 1892), p.33.
  11. ^ "Another [old Caulfield Grammmarian], Edward George Honey, was the founder of the two-minute' silence by which a large part of the world has come to reverence the memories of Armistice day.": Caulfield Grammar School: To Become a Public School, The Age, (Tuesday, 9 December 1930), p.11.)
  12. ^ Webber's (1981, p.297) Register of Caulfield Grammar Students has: "Honey, E.G. 1895-?".
  13. ^ "Remembrance Day and CGS". Labora. 20 (12). Caulfield Grammarians Association. October 1982.
  14. ^ a b c d e f "'Lest We Forget - A Tribute to the late Edward George Honey' by M. F. Orford". State Library Victoria. Victorian historical magazine 1961, Issue 126, pages 119-123. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  15. ^ "Lampstand for 2014". Issuu (24): 29. 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  16. ^ Honey, E.G., "In the Street", Otago Witness, (2 July 1902), p.71.
  17. ^ Orford, Muriel. "Papers of Muriel Orford". Catalogue. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  18. ^ Carbone, Suzie (12 November 2003). "Victorians pay tribute to the fallen". The Age.
  19. ^ Horler, Sydney (1933). "Newspapers of the World". Retrieved 13 September 2021 – via Google Books.
  20. ^ "E G Honey: England and Wales Census, 1911". FamilySearch. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  21. ^ George, Edward (1919). From mill boy to minister. London: J M Dent.
  22. ^ "a guide to ww1 causes of discharge - paragraph 392 of king's regulations 1912,Para 392(xxv)". Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  23. ^ "Discharge paper for Edward Honey service no.10124". Findmypast.co.uk.
  24. ^ Foster, Warren (8 May 1919). "A Peace Day Essential". Evening News.
  25. ^ Jokiranta, Miyuki, "The little-known origin of the minute's silence", ABC News, 9 November 2018.
  26. ^ The "Two Minutes Silence", The Argus Week-End Magazine, (Saturday, 10 November 1945), p.3.
  27. ^ Australian Women's Weekly, He originated silent tribute to the fallen, 12 November 1969, p. 67.
  28. ^ Foster, Warren (8 May 1919). "A Peace Day Essential". Evening News.
  29. ^ Honey, Amelia (13 February 1963). letter to Muriel Orford. p. 6.<Horler, Sydney. "Newspapers of the World". Retrieved 13 September 2021 – via Google Books>. Sydney Horler <> was one who agreed as was British literary editor W. E. Hayter Preston. In an article published one year after Honey's death Hayter Preston described Honey's role in the silent tribute as, " A forgotten genius who conceived a dramatic masterpiece."
  30. ^ Hayter Preston, W E, The Referee, England, 7 November 1923
  31. ^ Armistice Day: King's Message to the People of the Empire, The Sydney Morning Herald, (Saturday, 8 November 1919), p.12.
  32. ^ The Glorious Dead: Tribute to Their Memory: The King's Desire for Armistice Day, The Wanganui Herald, (Saturday, 8 November 1919), p.5.
  33. ^ a b 'Armistice', "Two Minutes Silence (Letter to the Editor)", The Australasian, (Saturday, 3 January 1925), p.39.
  34. ^ "Short film of Honey's grave in 1929". Pathe News archives.
  35. ^ "Grave of Edward George Honey". Flickr. Ian Wood. 25 February 2015.
  36. ^ "Widow of Australian Who Suggested the "Great Silence"". Northern Star. Lismore, NSW. 19 August 1937. p. 6. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  37. ^ "Soldier's Widow Seeks Help". The Argus. Melbourne. 26 July 1937. p. 10. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  38. ^ "Edward George Honey Memorial". City of Melbourne. 15 September 2021.
  39. ^ Messer, John (26 August 1969). "So there was a Man from Snowy River, after all". The Age. Archived from the original on 9 February 2006.
  40. ^ "Edward George Honey". Monument Australia.
  41. ^ Harding, Eric (November 1969). "Worldfamous Old Boy: But how many know of him?". Labora. 15 (5). Caulfield Grammarians Association.
  42. ^ Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs (2004). Remembrance Day – Silence Archived 24 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
  43. ^ Harding, Eric (7 November 1964). "The 11th. of the 11th.: Australian initiated the silence". The Canberra Times. p. 9. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  44. ^ South African Legion The Two Minutes Silence. Retrieved 5 June 2014
  45. ^ French, E. L. (1979). "Walter Murray Buntine (1866–1953)". Buntine, Walter Murray (1866–1953). Melbourne University Press. Retrieved 20 November 2018. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  46. ^ a b Caulfield Grammar School: Jubilee, 1881-1931: a record, somewhat incomplete, of the foundation and activities of the school. Melbourne: Caulfield Grammar School. 1931. p. 50.
  47. ^ J.C.Abrahams (Tannie Mossie. "Cape Town's WWI Mayor - Sir Harry Hands" (PDF). Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  48. ^ "A period of silence". Australian War memorial.
  49. ^ "Shrine of Remembrance Melbourne Annual Report 2005/06" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
  50. ^ "When silence speaks volumes". 10 August 2005. Retrieved 14 November 2018.

Other references

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  • Webber, Horace (1981). Years May Pass On... Caulfield Grammar School, 1881–1981. Centenary Committee, Caulfield Grammar School, (East St Kilda). ISBN 0-9594242-0-2.
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