Wikipedia

Draft:N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry


N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
Abbreviation ZIOC
Type Research institute
Founded 1934
Founder Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
Director Corresponding member RAS Terentyev A.O.
Location Russia Moscow_
Legal address Russia, 119991, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 47
Website zioc.ru
Media files on Wikimedia Commons

N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry (ZIOC) is one of the leading research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of chemistry. The Institute employs more than 900 people in 39 research laboratories and groups. Located in Moscow.

Content edit

·History

· Management

· Main areas of research

· Notes

· Literature

· Links

History edit

The Institute was founded on February 23, 1934 in Moscow on the basis of the High Pressure Laboratory and the Organic Synthesis Laboratory [[1]]. Among the founders were academicians A. E. Favorsky , N. D. Zelinsky , V. N. Ipatiev , A. E. Chichibabin , and later N. Ya. Demyanov , M. A. Ilyinsky and others. In 1953, the institute was named after Academician N.D. Zelinsky, who headed one of the departments from 1936 to 1953. The world fame of the Institute is associated with the names of many prominent scientists who worked there. Among them are academicians A.E. Favorsky, N.D. Zelinsky, A.A. Balandin, B.A. Kazansky, A.N. Nesmeyanov, I.N. Nazarov, I.L. Knunyants, A.E. Porai-Koshits, V.V. Korshak, L.F. Vereshchagin, M.M. Shemyakin, M.I. Kabachnik, H.M. Minachev.

During the Great Patriotic War, carbinol glue (Nazarov glue) was developed for repairing military equipment in the field.

Synthesis methods were developed and batches of drugs were produced, including the drug vinylin (Shostakovsky balm).

Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Institute of High Pressure Physics in 1954, and Institute of natural compounds chemistry (INCC) (now Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry) in 1959 are separated from N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry. At the same time, the traditional areas of research at the ZIOC expanded and developed. Several other research centers were created with the support of scientists from the ZIOC. Among them are the A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, V.I. Nikitin Institute of chemistry and the Institute of Organic Chemistry of Turkmenistan.

The institute is located at Leninsky Prospekt , 47. The building was built in 1954 according to the design of the architect Alexey Shchusev.

Directors of the Institute edit

Since the founding of the institute, 7 of its directors have changed  :

1.   Alexey Evgrafovich Favorsky (1934-1939)

2.   Alexander Nikolayevich Nesmeyanov (1939-1954)

3.   Boris Alexandrovich Kazansky (1954-1966)

4.   Nikolai Konstantinovich Kochetkov (1966-1988)

5.   Vladimir Aleksandrovich Tartakovsky (1988—2002)

6.    Mikhail Petrovich Egorov (2003—2023)

7.    Alexander Olegovich Terentyev (since 2024)

Main fields of research edit

1.   Physical and synthetic organic chemistry

2.   Organic chemistry of natural compounds

3.   Catalytic organic synthesis and physicochemical basis of catalysis

4.   Computer chemistry and modern information technologies

Discoveries and inventions made in ZIOC RAS edit

№ Discoveries and inventions Date Inventor Significance Source
1 Reaction of aromatization (C6-dehydrocyclization) of paraffin hydrocarbons on platinized carbon 1936 Kazansky B.A. and Plate A.F. This reaction took one of the central places in organic catalysis and in the chemistry of hydrocarbons and formed the basis of new methods for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum feedstocks. [2]
2 Shostakovsky balm (“vinyline”) 1940 Favorsky A.E. and Shostakovsky M.F. Polymers of vinyl ethers began to be actively used in military hospitals and medical battalions for the treatment of burns and frostbite. [3]
3 Nazarov glue (“carbinol”) 1941 Nazarov I.N. Polymers with excellent adhesive properties became the basis for the creation of “carbinol” glue, unsurpassed at that time, which found wide application in aviation and mechanical engineering, for the repair of military equipment, for lining metro stations and in many other areas. [4]
4 Method for the production of gasoline-resistant thiokol rubber 1941 Balandin A.A. Gas tanks made using this material turned out to be very reliable: after a bullet hit, practically no hole was formed in the tank - it immediately closed as a result of the plasticity of the material, which saved both the car and the flight crew. [5]
5 Resonant Raman scattering 1952 Shorygin P.P. Dramatic expansion of the capabilities of the Raman scattering (RS) method. [6]
6 Promedol 1949 Nazarov I.N. The most important opioid analgesic, analogue of prodine. [7]
7 Reaction of addition of allylboranes to acetylene 1965 Mikhailov B.M. Based on these reactions, a fundamentally new method for the stereospecific synthesis of derivatives of cyclohexene, cyclohexane, pentadiene, heptadiene, diene alcohols, etc. was created.
8 Ammonium dinitramide (ADNA) 1971 Tartakovsky V.A. and Lukyanov O.A. One of the best oxidizers for solid rocket fuels; Among other advantages, ADNA is characterized by the environmental friendliness of combustion products due to the absence of chlorine atoms in their composition. Soon after the discovery of ADNA, a new major scientific and technical direction was created in the USSR related to the use of dinitramide salts in military equipment. All work on ammonium dinitramide was classified due to its use as a component of high-energy rocket fuels, including in the Topol-M missile systems. [8]
9 Mebicar (now better known as Adaptol®) 1971 Khmelnitsky L. I. Anxiolytic, which is used in the treatment of neuroses and neurosis-like conditions at the present time. [9]
10 Metsigepron 1973 Akhrem A.A. and Kamernitsky A.V. The first soviet oral contraceptive drug. [10]

Facilities edit

·        Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS) solariX XR 15T, Bruker, Germany, 2019

Publishers in the Institute edit

  • Mendeleev Communications
  • "Успехи химии" (in Russian); English translation: Russian Chemical Reviews
  • “Кинетика и Катализ”  (in Russian); English version: Kinetics and Catalysis
  • "Известия АН. Серия химическая" (in Russian); English version: Russian Chemical Bulletin

General references edit

  • Monograph by A.M. Rubinstein "Institute of Organic Chemistry of N.D. Zelinsky" / "Nauka", 1995. (Монография А.М.Рубинштейна "Институт органической химии имени Н.Д.Зелинского" / «Наука», 1995).

References edit

  1. ^ Schmidt, S. O.; Andreev, M. I.; Karev, V. M., eds. (1997). Institute of Organic Chemistry named after N.D. Zelinsky. M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. ISBN 5-85270-277-3.
  2. ^ Kazansky B.A., Plate A.F. "Aromtisierung einiger Cyclopentan-Homologen und Paraffine in Gegenwart von Platin-Kohle". Ber.: 1936. Bd. 69. S. 1862—1869.
  3. ^ Sidelkovskaya F.P. "Balm invented by Shostakovsky". Chemistry and Life: Magazine: 1985. - No. 4. - P. 10-12.
  4. ^ Levi G.I. "Nazarov's famous glue". Chemistry and Life: Magazine.: 1985. - No. 5.
  5. ^ E.I. Klabunovsky, Yu.I. Soloviev. Alexey Alexandrovich Balandin. 1898-1967. To the 100th anniversary of the birth. M.,: Nauka, 1998. - 184 p. With.
  6. ^ P. P. Shorygin (1952). Resonance Combinatorial Light Scattering. Vol. 87 (2nd ed.). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. pp. 101–104.
  7. ^ Nazarov, I; Prostakov, N; Shvetsov, N. (1956). "Heterocyclic compounds. 39. Synthetic painkillers. 4. Esters of 1, 2, 5-Trimethyl-4-Phenyl-4-Piperidol With Aliphatic Acids - Synthesis of Promedol and Isopromedol". General Chemistry. 26 (10): 2798–811.
  8. ^ Lukyanov O.A., Gorelik V.P. Tartakovsky V.A. "Dinitramide and its salts (English) // Russ. Chem. Bull". Russ. Chem. Bull.. - 1994. - 43. - P. 89-92.
  9. ^ USSR Patent No. 644482 11/18/1971 Mebikar, a drug for the treatment of mental illness // SU 644482 A1 / Zaikonnikova I.V., Zimakova I.V., Chudnovsky V.S. [et al.]
  10. ^ Korkhov V.V., Lesik E.A., Petrosyan M.A. Research and search for new gestagenic drugs for their use in obstetrics and gynecology // Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases. - 2004. - T. 53, No. 2. - P. 16-19.
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