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The Kubrick stare is a directorial technique used to portray insane or unstable film characters. Named after director Stanley Kubrick, who frequently utilized it, the technique involves the actor staring directly into the camera whilst tilting their head downwards. The stare can create the illusion that the actor is looking past the camera and directly at the audience.
The Kubrick stare has been described as one of Kubrick's visual signatures, but has also been used by other directors, both before and after Kubrick. It has been deemed "one of cinema's most recognizable shots".[2]
Characteristics and intended effect
editA Kubrick stare involves an actor looking out from under the brow line and tilting their head towards the camera.[3] Sometimes, the actor will also smile in a sinister fashion.[4] It is often used to convey that a character has become dangerously mentally unstable. Thus, the stare has been described as looking creepy.[5]
Drawing on the theories of Jacques Lacan, Far Out argues that the Kubrick stare breaks down the barrier between the fictional world and that of the viewers, causing the audience to become further invested in the media.[1] Similarly, Kubrick researcher Matthew Melia notes that an actor performing the stare will give the impression that they are looking past the fourth wall and directly at the audience. He describes the technique as "invasive" and "troubling".[6] Slate remarks that the facial expression is perhaps unrivalled in evoking fear in cinema.[7]
In analyzing a specific Kubrick stare from Full Metal Jacket, scholar Jens Kjelgaard-Christiansen notes that the character's lowered eyebrows and smiling mouth seem to contradict one another, indicating both anger and joy at the same time. She adds that abnormal gazes can come across as creepy, as humans read emotions from the eyes.[5]
However, film critic Roger Ebert complains that Kubrick's decision to film Alex, an amoral character in A Clockwork Orange, from above made him look "messianic" instead of villainous.[8] He also criticizes Kubrick for overusing the technique associated with him in a review of Full Metal Jacket, stating that it has become too predictable.[9]
Robbie Collin, writing in The Daily Telegraph opines that only actors with an innate "coiled menace" in their facial structures are able to perform a Kubrick stare well, regardless of talent or acting ability.[10] He comments that Jack Nicholson appears to constantly look as if he were giving a Kubrick stare.[2]
Usage
editOrigins and Kubrick
editWhat would later be known as the Kubrick stare was first utilized by director Alfred Hitchcock in the ending of Psycho.[11] Kubrick himself relied on the technique in nearly all his work, but the origin of the term itself lies in the making of A Clockwork Orange.[1]
According to actor Malcolm McDowell, whilst filming A Clockwork Orange, Kubrick requested that McDowell make a face that could accompany a score by Beethoven. After several tries, they settled on an expression with the eyes "kind of up and glazed over."[1] Cinematographer Douglas Milsome dubbed it the "Kubrick stare", coining the term.[12] According to Manohla Dargis, however, the term "Kubrick stare" was actually inspired by Jack Nicholson's performance in The Shining.[13]
Usage by Kubrick and others
editKubrick extensively used the technique that bore his name throughout his career, in almost all his films.[1]
Outside of film
editFormer American president Donald Trump was arrested in August 2023 on charges relating to his conduct during the aftermath of the 2020 U.S. presidential election. A mug shot was taken of Trump, the first ever of any U.S. president.[14] In the photograph, Trump tilts his head downward and stares directly at the camera, leading The Telegraph[2] and some netizens to compare his gaze to a Kubrick stare.[15][16]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Ferrier, Aimee (2023-03-22). "The meaning behind the trademark Stanley Kubrick stare". Far Out. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ a b c Collin, Robbie (2023-08-25). "Why Trump's 'Kubrick Stare' mugshot is straight out of the horror film playbook". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Knight, Chris (2010-11-06). "The story behind Toy Story 3". The Vancouver Sun. p. 73.
- ^ Anderson, Tess (2013-04-25). "Kubrick v. King: who reigns supreme?". Portland State Vanguard. p. 8.
- ^ a b Kjeldgaard-Christiansen, Jens (2024-03-22). "What Is Creepiness, and What Makes ChatGPT Creepy?". Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English (10): 3. doi:10.7146/lev102024144284. ISSN 2446-3981.
- ^ Melia, Matthew (2018-07-01). "Stanley Kubrick at the Interface of film and television". Essais. Revue interdisciplinaire d’Humanités (Hors-série 4): 195–219. doi:10.4000/essais.646. ISSN 2417-4211.
- ^ Swinney, Jacob T. (2015-04-28). "A Supercut of the Kubrick Stare, the Scariest Expression in the Movies". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (1972-02-02). "A Clockwork Orange". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (1987-06-26). "Full Metal Jacket". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Collin, Robbie (2016-09-03). We can't take our eyes off them. The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ Battis, Jes; Johnston, Susan (2015). Mastering the Game of Thrones: Essays on George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-7864-9631-0.
- ^ Colombani, Elsa, ed. (2020). A critical companion to Stanley Kubrick. Critical companions to contemporary directors. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-7936-1376-9. OCLC 1181843953.
- ^ Dargis, Manohla (2024-05-15). "'Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga' Review: A Lonely Avenger". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ Bennett, Brian; Popli, Nik (2023-08-25). "Here Is Trump's Mug Shot, the First Ever of a Former President". TIME. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Murray, Conor (2023-08-30). "AI-Created Donald Trump Rap Song 'First Day Out' Hits No. 2 On iTunes After Right-Wing Push". Forbes. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Knight, Christopher (2023-08-29). "Commentary: Donald Trump's campy mug shot gives Andy Warhol's infamous mural some competition". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-06-29.