| Submission declined on 26 June 2024 by SafariScribe (talk). This submission is not adequately supported by reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be verified. If you need help with referencing, please see Referencing for beginners and Citing sources.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
|  |
Comment: Some important part of the draft is not sourced hence, the decline. Add reliable sources. Safari ScribeEdits! Talk! 15:29, 26 June 2024 (UTC)
1991 South Kurdistan Uprisings
editPart of the aftermath of the Gulf War
The 1991 South Kurdistan uprisings were a series of coordinated rebellions by Kurdish groups against Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq. The uprisings took place in the aftermath of the Gulf War, beginning in March 1991 and lasting until April 1991.[1][2].
Background
editThe uprisings were fueled by the widespread perception that the Iraqi regime had become vulnerable following its defeat in the Gulf War[3] and the preceding Iran–Iraq War. The Kurds, having faced significant repression under Saddam's regime, saw an opportunity to push for autonomy and greater rights.
Initial Uprisings
editThe Kurdish uprising began on March 5, 1991, in the town of Ranya. Within ten days, Kurdish forces, including the Peshmerga from the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), along with other smaller groups, had taken control of most cities in northern Iraq except for Kirkuk and Mosul.
The defection of Kurdish militias, known as jash, who were initially recruited by the government, significantly bolstered the rebellion. In cities like Sulaymaniyah, rebels besieged and captured key government installations, including the regional headquarters of the Directorate of General Security.
Government Response
editSaddam Hussein's regime responded with brutal force. The Iraqi government used helicopter gunships and artillery to suppress the uprisings. In the south, reports of chemical warfare were investigated, but the UN did not find conclusive evidence of chemical weapons use, though it did not rule out the possibility of phosgene gas.
Aftermath
editBy the end of March, the government had largely quelled the uprisings in the south, but the Kurdish rebellion continued for a few more days. Government forces retook major Kurdish cities, including Kirkuk, Duhok, and Erbil, by early April.
Despite the suppression of the uprisings, the conflict led to significant changes. The Kurdish region eventually gained de facto autonomy. The establishment of the Kurdistan Regional Government and the creation of no-fly zones over northern Iraq by the United States and its allies were pivotal outcomes of the uprisings[4].
Casualties and Displacement
editThe conflict resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of people, with many more displaced. The Iraqi government carried out mass reprisals against civilians and destroyed many historical and religious sites in retaliation. Mass graves have since been uncovered, highlighting the scale of the atrocities committed during the uprisings[5]
Legacy
editThe 1991 South Kurdistan uprisings are remembered as a significant moment in Kurdish history, marking a turning point in their struggle for autonomy. The international community's intervention, although limited, helped shape the post-uprising political landscape in South Kurdistan.
See Also
editReferences
edit- ^ "endless-torment-the-1991-uprising-in-iraq-and-its-aftermath-june-1992-66-pp". Human Rights Documents online. doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4502-0019. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
- ^ Al Shamiri, Sadiq Mahdi Kadhim (2021). "A Pragma-Stylistic Analysis Of BBC News Channel Reports Of Iraqi Demonstrations". مجلة العلوم الانسانية: 1. doi:10.33855/0905-028-002-031.
- ^ "Fenwick, Sir George, (2 Feb. 1847–23 Sept. 1929), JP; Managing Director of the Otago Daily Times and Witness Newspapers Company, Limited, since 1878; Editor Otago Daily Times, 1891–1909", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u209326, retrieved 2024-06-26
- ^ "Seattle Post-Intelligencer: No Child Left Behind "Demands The Doable"". PsycEXTRA Dataset. 2003. doi:10.1037/e489852006-001. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
- ^ "middle-east-watch-reports-genocide-in-iraq-the-anfal-campaign-against-the-kurds-july-1993-402-pp". Human Rights Documents online. doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4502-0035. Retrieved 2024-06-26.