Buri Wolio (Wolio: بُرِ وٚلِيٚ) is an Arabic script modified to write Wolio, a language spoken in and around Baubau, the capital of Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Generally, this script is same with Jawi script, except in Buri Wolio, vowel sounds are symbolized. This script has 35 letters, 28 letters from Arabic alphabet and 7 additional letters similar to those in Jawi script to represent sounds not found in Arabic. Of these, 22 are used for writing of Wolio language, while 13 are reserved for writing loanwords of Arabic (and European) origin.[1]

Buri Wolio
بُرِ وٚلِيٚ
An Islamic poetry in Buri Wolio
Script type
Time period
c. 16 c. to the present
DirectionRight-to-left
LanguagesWolio
Related scripts
Parent systems
Sister systems
Pegon script, Jawi script, Sorabe alphabet
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
A dual-language street sign, Jl. Sultan Hasanuddin, in Baubau, written in both the Indonesian language and Buri Wolio

Buri Wolio is similar in most aspects to Jawi script, except that in addition to the 3 diacritics in Arabic and Jawi, Buri Wolio has two additional diacritics for expressing the /e/ and /u/ vowel sounds.

It is unclear when Buri Wolio script was first created and used, but according to the oldest Buton manuscripts that have been found, it is estimated that this script has existed since the arrival of Islam on Buton Island in the 16th century.[2][3] As Wolio language was the lingua franca of Sultanate of Buton, this script was used in writing ancient texts in Buton, including; texts of laws, religious texts and diplomatic letters.[3]

In addition, this script has also been used to write kaḃanti (كَڀَنْتِ‎), a traditional type of long poetry consisting of lines, each with a pair of verses. The tradition of writing kaḃanti in Buton reached its peak of popularity in the 19th century (1824–1851), namely during the reign of the 29th Sultan of Buton, Muhammad Idrus Kaimuddin. For the people of Buton, besides from being known as a sultan, he is also known as a famous scholar and poet of Buton. As a poet, he composed a lot of kaḃanti literature, especially those based on Islamic teachings. Other than Muhammad Idrus Kaimuddin, several other Butonese poets came from the royal family of Buton, such as La Ode Kobu (Metapasina Bādia), La Ode Nafiu (Yarona Labuandiri), and H. Abdul Ganiu (Kenepulu Bula).[4]

Alphabet

edit

Letters

edit

Buri Wolio script consists of 22 primary characters, of which 15 are from Arabic Script, and 7 are new characters, made by adding dots to existing Arabic Characters, similar to characters of the Jawi script. These new characters are highlighted in the table below. There are an additional 13 characters, that are exclusively used for writing of loanwords taken from Arabic or from European languages.[5][3]

Primary Characters of Buri Wolio
Name Forms Sound represented Latin equivalent Notes
Isolated Final Medial Initial
ʾalif
أَلِف
ا ـا /ʔ/ ā / ʾ Pronounced as /ʔ/ in Wolio. Can be pronounced as /ā/ in loanwords.
bāʾ
باء
ب ـب ـبـ بـ /b/ b A regressive /b/ phoneme
ḃā
ڀَا
ڀ ـڀ ـڀـ ڀـ /bʰ/ New letter not present in Arabic
tāʾ
تاء
ت ـت ـتـ تـ /t/ t
jīm
جِيم
ج ـج ـجـ جـ /d͡ʒ/ j

چَا
چ ـچ ـچـ چـ /t͡ʃ/ c New letter not present in Arabic
dal
دَال
د ـد /d/ d A Plosive /d/ phoneme
ḋā
ڊَا
ڊ ـڊ /dʰ/ New letter not present in Arabic
rāʾ
رَاء
ر ـر /r/ r
zāyn
زَاين
ز ـز /z/ z
sīn
سِين
س ـس ـسـ سـ /s/ s
ngā
ڠَا
ڠ ـڠ ـڠـ ڠـ /ŋ/ ng New letter not present in Arabic

ڨَا
ڤ ـڤ ـڤـ ڤـ /p/ p New letter not present in Arabic
kāf
كَاف
ك ـك ـكـ كـ /k/ k

ڬَا
ڬ ـڬ ـڬـ ڬـ /ɡ/ g New letter not present in Arabic
lām
لاَم
ل ـل ـلـ لـ /l/ l
mīm
مِيم
م ـم ـمـ مـ /m/ m
nūn
نون
ن ـن ـنـ نـ /n/ n
nyā
ۑَا
ۑ ـۑ ـۑـ ۑـ /ɲ/ ny New letter not present in Arabic
hāʾ
هَاء
ه ـه ـهـ هـ /h/ h
wāw
وَاو
و ـو /w/
yāʾ
ياء
ي ـي ـيـ يـ /a/ a / y Pronounced as /a/ in Wolio. But in foreign words, pronounced as /j/
Additional Characters
Name Forms Sound represented Latin equivalent
Isolated Final Medial Initial
ṡāʾ
ثَاء
ث ـث ـثـ ثـ /s/ s
Ha
حَاء
ح ـح ـحـ حـ /h/
khāʾ
خَاء
خ ـخ ـخـ خـ /x/ kh
żāl
ذَال
ذ ـذ /z/ z
syin
شِين
ش ـش ـشـ شـ /ʃ/ sy
ṣād
صَاد
ص ـص ـصـ صـ /s/ s
ḍād
ضَاد
ض ـض ـضـ ضـ /d/ d
ṭāʾ
طَاء
ط ـط ـطـ طـ /t/ t
ẓāʾ
ظَاء
ظ ـظ ـظـ ظـ /z/ z
ʿayn
عَيْن
ع ـع ـعـ عـ /ʔ/ ʿ
ghayn
غَيْن
غ ـغ ـغـ غـ /ɣ/ gh
fāʾ
فَاء
ف ـف ـفـ فـ /f/ f
qāf
قَاف
ق ـق ـقـ قـ /q/ q

Vowel Diacritics

edit

The purpose of vowel diacritics in an Abjad script is to give vowels to each consonants. Unlike its neighbouring relatives, Jawi and Pegon, Buri Wolio cannot be read without diacritics. The shape and position of diacritic is very important. There are 6 diacritics in Bui Wolio, which include the Sukun diacritic (zero-vowel), the 3 diacritics inherited from Arabic, representing sounds /a/, /i/, and /u/, as well as two new diacritics unique to Buri Wolio, representing diacritics /e/ and /o/. All of these diacritics represent short vowel sounds. With the help of the letters "ا‎", "و‎", or "ي‎", diacritics can also represent long vowel sounds.

Vowel diacritics in Buri Wolio
Sukun
(Zero-vowel)
Short Long
-a -i -u -e -o
◌ْ ◌َ ◌ِ ◌ُ ◌ࣹ ◌ٚ ◌َا ◌ِيْـ / ◌ِيْ ◌ُوْ ◌ࣹيْـ / ◌ࣹيْ ◌ٚوْ
Vowel as first sound of syllable
Short Long
A I U E O Ā Ī Ū Ē Ō
يَـ / يَ يِـ / يِ يُـ / يُ يࣹـ / يࣹ يٚـ / يٚ يَا يِيْـ / يِيْ يُوْ يࣹيْـ / يࣹيْ يٚوْ
Vowel following a consonant
Sukun
(Zero-vowel)
Short Long
S Sa Si Su Se So
سْـ / سْ سَـ / سَ سِـ / سِ سُـ / سُ سࣹـ / سࣹ سٚـ / سٚ سَا سِيْـ / سِيْ سُوْ سࣹيْـ / سࣹيْ سٚوْ

Reduplication

edit

In Buri Wolio, Reduplication is done in a manner similar to Jawi script and Pegon script, that is with the use of the numeral "٢" right after the base word.

While suffixed, the numeral "٢" comes in between the base word and the suffix, effectively being in the middle of the word.[6]

Below are some sample words:[6]

Buri Wolio Latin
هُمْبُ۲ humbu-humbu
سُمْبࣹ۲ sumbe-sumbe
يِنْچࣹمَ۲ incema-incema
ڠَوُ۲نَ ngawu-ngawuna

Sample Text

edit

Below is a sample except of Wolio language poetry "Kaḃanti Bunga Malati", which was rewritten in modern Latin Wolio Script in 2004.[4][6]

Wolio Indonesian Translation[4]
Buri Wolio[6] Latin
مِنْچُيَنَڨٚ يِسَرٚڠِ رَڠْكَيࣹيَ
نࣹسَبُتُنَ يَڀَرِ اَرَتَانَ
تَبࣹيَنَمٚ يِسَرٚڠِ رَڠْكَيࣹيَ
هࣹڠْڬَ حَقُنَ يَڨࣹكَڊُوَيَكَمٚ

Mincuanapo isarongi rangkaea

Ne sabutuna aḃari ʾaratāna

Tabeanamo isarongi rangkaea

Hengga ḥaquna apekaḋuwaakamo

Belumlah dikatakan orang kaya

Kalau hanya banyak hartanya

Tapi yang dikatakan kaya

Miliknya pun rela diberikannya

مِنْچُيَنَڨٚ يِسَرٚڠِ مِسِكِنِ
نࣹسَبُتُنَ يِنْدَ تࣹئَرَتَانَ
تَبࣹيَنَمٚ يِسَرٚڠِ مِسِكِنِ
يَڨࣹيْلُيَ عَرَسِ كٚحَقُنَ

Mincuanapo isarongi misikini

Ne sabutuna inda teʾaratāna

Tabeanamo isarongi misikini

Apēlua ʿarasi koḥaquna

Bukanlah dinamakan orang miskin

Jika hanya tidak punya harta

Sebenarnya orang miskin itu

(adalah orang yang) Masih mengharapkan hak sesamanya

مِنْچُيَنَڨٚ يِسَرٚڠِ مَرَدِكَ
نࣹسَبُتُنَ يَڨٚوْڨُيَ يِڨَيُ
تَبࣹيَنَمٚ يِسَرٚڠِ مَرَدِكَ
يَمَرَدِكَمٚ يِوَانَ نَرَكَا

Mincuanapo isarongi maradika

Ne sabutuna apōpua ipau

Tabeanamo isarongi maradika

Amaradikamo iwāna narakā

Belumlah dikatakan merdeka

Kalau hanya memangku jabatan

Sebenarnya yang (dikatakan) merdeka itu

(adalah orang yang) Sudah bebas dari api neraka

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "Bahasa Wolio di Kerajaan Buton". Archived from the original on 2018-05-01. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
  2. ^ Hiroko K. Yamaguchi (2007). "Manuskrip Buton: Keistimewaan dan nilai budaya". SARI: Jurnal Alam dan Tamadun Melayu. 25: 41–50. ISSN 0127-2721. Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
  3. ^ a b c Niampe, La (2011-03-01). "Bahasa Wolio Di Kerajaan Buton". Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana. 18. ISSN 2656-6419.
  4. ^ a b c Niampe, La (1999). Kabanti oni Wolio = Puisi berbahasa Wolio. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. ISBN 979-459-927-1. OCLC 43790835.
  5. ^ Abas, Husen (1983). Struktur Bahasa Wolio (PDF). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. p. 5.
  6. ^ a b c d "Bunga Malati". Endangered Archives Programme. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
edit