Brachythemis leucosticta

Brachythemis leucosticta, the banded groundling or Southern banded groundling, is a species of dragonfly belonging to the family Libellulidae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Brachythemis leucosticta
Male, Okavango Delta, Botswana
Female, uMkhuze Game Reserve, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Infraorder: Anisoptera
Family: Libellulidae
Genus: Brachythemis
Species:
B. leucosticta
Binomial name
Brachythemis leucosticta
(Burmeister, 1839)
Synonyms[2]

Libellula leucosticta Burmeister, 1839

immature male

Taxonomy

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Brachythemis leucosticta was first formally described as Libellula leucosticta in 1839 by the German entomologist Hermann Burmeister with its type locality designated as Port Natal. It was long considered that there was a single species, the banded groundling, but in 2009 they were split into two species; the Southern banded groundling (B. leucosticta) and the Northern Banded Groundling (B. impartita) with a wide area of overlap in central Africa.[3]

Description

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Brachythemis leucosticta is a small species of dragonfly with a length of up to 33 mm (1.3 in) and a wingspan of up to 57 mm (2.2 in). The males have a completely black abdomen and thorax, pterostigmata which are bicoloured including yellow, a very dark brown or blackish band near the tip of each wing and a black face and eyes. The females have a yellow and black thorax and abdomen the colour becoming less bright in older individuals and they have brown banded eyes.[4]

Distribution and habitat

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Brachythemis leucosticta is found in East and Central Africa,[4] and its presence has been confirmed in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It may also occur in Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, South Sudan and Sudan.[1] In South Africa it is found in the northern and eastern parts and is largely absent from the Cape region with a few scattered records in the Eastern Cape and a single record from the Western Cape.[5] It is found round small pools in open or savannah area, these pools may or may not have aquatic or emergent vegetation. The females and young males may be encountered some distance from water.[6]

Biology

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Brachythemis leucosticta prefers to be on or near the ground and will sit in the open. It is a tame species which often follows larger animals, including humans, catching small insects flushed by the larger animals as they walk through the grass. They are rather sociable and gather in mixed sex aggregations. In South Africa the adults are most active between September and May but in more tropical areas the adults are active throughout the year.[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b Clausnitzer, V.; Schneider, W.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B.; Suhling, F. (2016). "Brachythemis leucosticta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T59822A84484558. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59822A84484558.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Brachythemis leucosticta Burmeister, 1839". GBIF. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  3. ^ Kd Dijkstra; Natalia A. Matushkina (2009). "Kindred spirits: "Brachythemis leucosticta", Africa's most familiar dragonfly, consists of two species (Odonata: Libellulidae)". International Journal of Odonatology. 12 (2): 237–25. doi:10.1080/13887890.2009.9748343. S2CID 85720128.
  4. ^ a b c "Southern Banded Groundling (Brachythemis leucosticta)". Biodiversity and Development Institute. 25 May 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  5. ^ Underhill LG; Loftie-Eaton M; and Navarro R. (2018). "Dragonflies and damselflies of the Western Cape - Odonata MAP report, August 2018". Biodiversity Observations. 9.7:1-21.
  6. ^ "Southern Banded Groundling Brachythemis leucosticta Gebande Grondwagter". dragonflies.co.za. JP Lubuschagne. Retrieved 20 February 2023.