August 20 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 22
All fixed commemorations below are observed on September 3 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.[note 1]
For August 21, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 8.
Feasts
edit- Afterfeast of the Dormition.[1][note 2]
Saints
edit- Holy Forefathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (ca. 2000 BC)[1][3]
- Apostle Thaddeus of Edessa, one of the Seventy Apostles (44)[1][4][5][6]
- Martyr Bassa of Edessa and her sons Theognius, Agapius, and Pistus (305-311)[1][5][7][8][note 3]
- Saint Sarmean, Catholicos of Kartli, Georgia (774)[1][3][10]
- Saint Theocleta the Wonderworker, of Asia Minor (840)[1][3]
- Hieromartyrs Romulus, Priest, and the Deacons Donatus and Silvanus, and Martyr Venustus (Romania)[1][3][11]
- Venerable Alexander of Iconium.[5][12][note 4]
Pre-Schism Western saints
edit- Saint Euprepius of Verona, first Bishop of Verona in the north of Italy (1st century)[9][13]
- Saint Cyriaca (Dominica), a wealthy widow in Rome, she sheltered persecuted Orthodox Christians (249)[13][note 5][note 6]
- Saint Paternus, born in Alexandria, he came to Rome, was arrested in Fondi and was martyred for Orthodoxy there (c. 255)[13][note 7]
- Saint Privatus, Bishop of Mende in France (260)[13][note 8][note 9]
- Saint Anastasius, a military tribune converted to Orthodoxy on seeing the courage of the young St Agapitus, in Salone, Italy (274)[13][note 10]
- Saint Quadratus, a Bishop of Utica in North Africa who taught both clergy and laity to confess Christ (3rd century)[9][13][note 11]
- Martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus and Camerinus, martyrs in Sardinia beheaded under Diocletian (303)[13][note 12][note 13]
- Saint Sidonius Apollinaris, Bishop of Clermont in France (c. 423-480)[13][note 14]
- Saint Leontius the Elder, Bishop of Bordeaux in France and the predecessor of St Leontius the Younger (c. 541)[13]
- Saint Avitus I, Bishop of Clermont, Gaul (594)[1][11][13][note 15]
- Saint Eardwulf of Northumbria (Hardulph of Breedon) (c. 808)[11][note 16]
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
edit- Saint Abramius the Lover-of-labor of the Kiev Caves[1][11][15]
- Saint Abramius of Smolensk, Archimandrite, Wonderworker of Smolensk (1220),[16] and his disciple St. Ephraim (1238)[1][11][15][17] (see also: August 20)
- Saint Isaiah of Mount Athos (14th century)[1][11]
- Saint Cornelius, founder and abbot of Paleostrov Monastery (Palei Island, Valaam, Karelia) (1420),[note 17] and his disciple St. Abramius (15th century)[1][3][11][18]
- New Hieromartyr Symeon, Bishop of Samokovo, Bulgaria (1737)[1][11]
- Saint Martha (Milyukova), schemanun of Diveyevo (1829)[1][11][note 18]
New martyrs and confessors
edit- New Hieromartyr Alexander Yelokhovsky, Priest of Yaroslavl-Rostov (1918)[3][11]
- New Hieromartyr Paul Yagodinsky, Priest of Yaransk (1937)[3][11]
- New Hieromartyr Theodore Kallistov, Archpriest (1937)[19][20]
- New Hieromartyr Raphael, Abbot of Sisatovac Monastery, Serbia (1941)[1][3][11]
- New Hieromartyr Ignatius (Dalanov), Hieromonk of Optina Monastery (1942)[1][11]
Other commemorations
edit- Translation of the relics (1953) of Saint Nectarius (Kephalas), Metropolitan of Pentapolis (North Africa) (1920)[1][11][note 19] (see also: September 3)
- Commemoration of Hieromonk John (Kotlyarevsky) at Poltava (1951)[15]
Icon gallery
edit-
-
Apostle Thaddeus of Edessa. -
Stained-glass windows at Clermont-Ferrand cathedral, with Saint Sidonius Apollinaris. -
Saint Abramius of Smolensk, Wonderworker. -
Saint Nectarius (Kephalas), Metropolitan of Pentapolis (North Africa).
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Notes
edit- ^ The notation Old Style or (OS) is sometimes used to indicate a date in the Julian Calendar (which is used by churches on the "Old Calendar").
The notation New Style or (NS), indicates a date in the Revised Julian calendar (which is used by churches on the "New Calendar"). - ^ The Church continues to honor the passage of the Most Holy Theotokos from death to life. Just as Christ once dwelt in the virginal womb of His Mother, now He takes Her "to dwell in His courts."[2]
- ^ "At Edessa, in Macedonia, during the persecution of Maximian, the holy martyrs Bassa, and her sons Theogonius, Agapius, and Fidelis, whom their pious mother exhorted to martyrdom and sent before her bearing their crowns. Being herself beheaded, she joyfully followed them and shared their victory."[9]
- ^ His memory is preserved in Sinaitic Codex 631.
- ^ The Roman Church of St Mary in Dominica recalls her.
- ^ "At Rome, in the Veran field, St. Cyriaca, widow and martyr. In the persecution of Valerian, after devoting herself and all her goods in the service of the saints, she gave up her life by suffering martyrdom for Christ."[9]
- ^ "At Fundi, in Campania, St. Paternus, a martyr, who came from Alexandria to Rome to visit the tomb of the Apostles. Thence he retired to the neighborhood of Fundi, where, being seized by the tribune whilst he was burying the bodies of the martyrs, he died in captivity."[9]
- ^ He was captured by invading barbarians, but was offered his life if he agreed to reveal where his flock was hiding. This he refused to do and he was beaten to death.
- ^ "In Gévaudan, St. Privatus, bishop and martyr, who suffered in the persecution of Valerian and Gallienus."[9]
- ^ "At Salona, St. Anastasius, a law officer, who was converted to the faith by seeing the fortitude with which blessed Agapitus bore his torments, and being put to death by order of the emperor Aurelian, for confessing the name of Christ, went to Our Lord."[9]
- ^ They were all martyred. St Quadratus was greatly revered in Africa.
- ^ Luxorius had been a soldier in the imperial army, the other two were boys whom he helped to accept martyrdom.
- ^ "In Sardinia, the birthday of the holy martyrs Luxorius, Cisellus, and Camerinus, who were put to the sword in the persecution of Diocletian, under the governor Delphius."[9]
- ^ Caius Sollius Apollinaris Sidonius was born in Lyons. A soldier, he married the daughter of Avitus, Emperor of the West, after which he served the State (468-9). He then became Bishop of Clermont in France. As bishop he saved his people from Goths under Alaric. Sidonius was a writer but he gave his wealth to the poor and to monasteries.
- ^ Eighteenth Bishop of Clermont in France and contemporary of St Gregory of Tours, whom he ordained deacon.
- ^ "No memorials of ST. HARDULPH are known to be preserved but we find that the Church of Bredon, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. Hardulph, was made over by Robert Ferrers, Earl of Nottingham, to the Augustinian Monastery of Nostell, in Yorkshire, in the year 1144. Soon afterwards, the community of Nostell established a priory at Bredon, and St. Hardulph became one of their tutelar Saints. In default of all authentic records, it may be mentioned that Capgrave, in his account of St. Modwenna, relates that a certain holy hermit from Bredon, on the report of her sanctity which reached him, visited St. Modwenna, and presented her with the Lives of the Saints. It may seem not an unreasonable conjecture to suppose that this hermit of Bredon was St. Hardulph. (Vide Alford's Annals, A.D. 871, c. 39.)"[14]
- ^ See: (in Russian) Палеостровский Рождественский монастырь. Википедии. (Russian Wikipedia).
- ^ See: (in Russian) Марфа Дивеевская. Википедии. (Russian Wikipedia).
- ^ (in Greek) Ἡ ἀνακομιδὴ τῶν Ἱερῶν λειψάνων τοῦ ἔγινε στὶς 3 Σεπτεμβρίου τοῦ 1953 καὶ στὶς 20 Ἀπριλίου τοῦ 1961 μὲ Πράξη τοῦ Οἰκουμενικοῦ Πατριαρχείου, διακηρύχθηκε Ἅγιος της Ὀρθόδοξης Ἐκκλησίας.[21]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q August 21 / September 3. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
- ^ Afterfeast of the Dormition of the Mother of God. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 62.
- ^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ἅγιος Θαδδαῖος ὁ Ἀπόστολος. 21 Αυγούστου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
- ^ a b c (in Greek) Συναξαριστής. 21 Αυγούστου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
- ^ Apostle Thaddeus of the Seventy. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
- ^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ἡ Ἁγία Βάσσα ἡ Μάρτυς καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς. 21 Αυγούστου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
- ^ Martyr Bassa of Edessa, and her sons. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 251-252.
- ^ St Sarmean, the Catholicos of Kartli, Georgia. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n September 3 / August 21. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
- ^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ ἐν Ἰκονίῳ. 21 Αυγούστου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j August 21. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
- ^ Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 404.
- ^ a b c Dr. Alexander Roman. August Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. Calendar of Ukrainian Orthodox Saints (Ukrainian Orthodoxy - Українське Православ'я).
- ^ Venerable Abramius the Archimandrite and Wonderworker of Smolensk. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
- ^ Venerable Ephraim the Disciple of Abramius, Archimandrite and Wonderworker of Smolensk. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
- ^ St Cornelius of Paleostrov and Olonets. OCA - Lives of the Saints.
- ^ RUSSIAN CHURCH CANONIZES ANOTHER NEW MARTYR. Orthodox Christianity. October 29, 2019.
- ^ (in Russian) ЖУРНАЛЫ заседания Священного Синода от 29 октября 2019 года. Русская Православная Церковь - Официальный сайт Московского Патриархата (Патриархия.ru). 29 октября 2019 г. 13:04.
- ^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) Ἀνακομιδὴ Τιμίων Λειψάνων Ἁγίου Νεκταρίου Πενταπόλεως τοῦ Θαυματουργοῦ. 3 Σεπτεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
Sources
edit- August 21 / September 3. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
- September 3 / August 21. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
- August 21. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
- The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 62.
- Menologion: The Twenty-First Day of the Month of August. Orthodoxy in China.
- August 21. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
- The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 251–252.
- Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 404.
- Greek Sources
- Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) 21 ΑΥΓΟΥΣΤΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
- (in Greek) Συναξαριστής. 21 Αυγούστου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
- Russian Sources
- (in Russian) 3 сентября (21 августа). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).