This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (March 2022) |
Afrolittorina knysnaensis, common name the southern periwinkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.[1]
| Afrolittorina knysnaensis | |
|---|---|
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| A shell of Afrolittorina knisnaensis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Littorinidae |
| Genus: | Afrolittorina |
| Species: | A. knysnaensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Afrolittorina knysnaensis (Philippi, 1847)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description edit
The size of the shell varies between 9 mm and 15 mm. Its color varies from brown with a pattern of dots with a dark ring around its every whorl, to pure black. The smooth shell has a conical shape with a short spire. The aperture is subcircular and has a transparent, horny operculum.
Distribution edit
This marine species occurs off Namibia to Southern KwaZuluNatal; in the Indian Ocean off Réunion.
References edit
- ^ a b Afrolittorina knysnaensis (Philippi, 1847). Reid, David G. (2010). Afrolittorina knysnaensis (Philippi, 1847). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=446837 on 6 June 2010 .
- Paul Bartsch (1915), Report on the Turton Collection of South African Marine Mollusks, with Additional Notes on other South African Shells Contained in the United States National Museum; Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, bulletin 91.
- Kilburn, R.N. & Rippey, E. (1982) Sea Shells of Southern Africa. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, xi + 249 pp. page(s): 50
- Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. (1998) Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector’s Guide to Beached Shells. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, South Africa, ii + 264 pp. page(s): 32
- George M. Branch,C. l. Griffiths,M. L. Branch,L. E. Beckley, Two Oceans: A Guide to the Marine Life of Southern Africa
- Reid, D.G. & Williams, S.T. (2004) The subfamily Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 75122
External links edit
- "Afrolittorina knysnaensis". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- Animal Base : Afrolittorina knysnaensis
- Ispot.org: Afrolittorina knysnaensis
- Worldwide Molluscan Species Data Base: Afrolittorina knysnaensis