Achatinella mustelina is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Achatinellidae. This species is endemic to the Waianae Range of the island of Oahu, Hawaii.
| Achatinella mustelina | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Achatinellidae |
| Genus: | Achatinella |
| Subgenus: | Achatinella |
| Species: | A. mustelina
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| Binomial name | |
| Achatinella mustelina Mighels, 1845
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All 13 subspecies of Achatinella mustelina were synonymized with the species by Holland & Hadfield (2007),[3] because they are not monophyletic.[3]
Habitat edit
Achatinella mustelina can be found on elevated forests that are dry, wet, or mesic. Achatinella mustelina attaches itself to leaves at the tops of native trees and shrubs such as Metrosideros polymorpha, Dubautia plantanginea, Myrsine lessertiana, Pisonia sandwicensis, Antidesma platyphyllum and Nestegis sandwicensis. Some individuals may live on a single tree for their entire lifetime.
Range Elevation: 600 to 1158 m[4]
Physical Description edit
Achatinella mustelina from different locations vary in size, shape, and color. Adults range from 19 to 24mm in length, with an average length of 214mm. The shells have a shiny finish and are usually brown with light bands that circle the suture convex, or they are white with transverse black or brown lines.[5]
Diet edit
Achatinella mustelina feeds primarily at night. Both adults and juveniles graze on fungus on surface of leaves at night.[6]
Lifespan edit
Achatinella mustelina has long lifespan compared to other terrestrial gastropods. Longetivity is estimated to be 10 years, but individuals may live up to 15 to 20 years.[7]
Reproduction edit
Achatinella mustelina is hermaphroditic and may self-fertilize. They have a lengthy gestation period and give birth to large, live young that mature late and have a low fecundity. Achatinella mustelina breeds year-round.[6]
Development edit
Achatinella mustelina develop from an intrauterine embryo. Growth in utero is thought to be logarithmic[8]
References edit
- ^ Hadfield, M.; Hadway, L. (1996). "Achatinella mustelina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T191A13048229. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T191A13048229.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- ^ a b Holland B. S. & Hadfield M. G. (2007). "Molecular Systematics of the Endangered O‘ahu Tree Snail Achatinella mustelina: Synonymization of Subspecies and Estimation of Gene Flow between Chiral Morphs". Pacific Science 61(1): 53-66. doi:10.1353/psc.2007.0007
- ^ Bicescu, Peter; Stalter, Colleen. "Achatinella mustelina". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Endangered-Oahu-tree-snail-Achatinella-mustelina-shells-at-different-stages-of_fig2_262143172
- ^ a b "Endangered Snails of Makua Valley Are Placed at Risk by Army Fires -". Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ^ https://pcsuhawaii.org/projects/oanrp/reports/2017/05.pdf
- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
External links edit