41st Brigade (United Kingdom)

41st Brigade (41st Bde) was an infantry formation of the British Army during World War I. It was formed in August 1914 as part of the New Army, also known as Kitchener's Army, and was assigned to the 14th (Light) Division, serving on the Western Front. It was sometimes known as the 'Greenjacket Brigade'[a] because it was composed of battalions of the King's Royal Rifle Corps and the Rifle Brigade, whose full dress uniforms were Rifle green.[1]

41st Brigade
Active21 August 1914–24 March 1919
Country United Kingdom
Branch New Army
TypeInfantry
SizeBrigade
Part of14th (Light) Division
Nickname(s)Greenjacket Brigade
EngagementsBattle of the Somme
Battle of Arras
Third Battle of Ypres
German spring offensive
Hundred Days Offensive

Origin

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On 6 August 1914, less than 48 hours after Britain's declaration of war, Parliament sanctioned an increase of 500,000 men for the Regular British Army. The newly-appointed Secretary of State for War, Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, issued his famous call to arms: 'Your King and Country Need You', urging the first 100,000 volunteers to come forward. Men flooded into the recruiting offices and the 'first hundred thousand' were enlisted within days.[2][3] Army Order No 324 of 21 August authorised six new infantry divisions to be formed from these recruits, which became known as Kitchener's First New Army, or 'K1'. The senior of these division was to be 8th (Light) Division composed of battalions drawn from light infantry and rifle regiments of the British Army, with three brigades numbered 23rd, 24th and 25th. This formation began assembling at Aldershot. However, it soon emerged that sufficient Regular Army battalions would be brought back from overseas garrisons to form an additional division: this became 8th Division, and the Kitchener division was renumbered on 14 September as the 14th (Light) Division, its brigades becoming 41st, 42nd and 43rd.[4][5]

Order of Battle

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The brigade was composed as follows:[4][5]

  • 7th (Service) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corpstransferred to 43rd Bde 2 February 1918
  • 8th (Service) Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps – left division 16 June 1918
  • 7th (Service) Battalion, Rifle Brigadeabsorbed by 33rd Bn London Regiment 19 June 1918
  • 8th (Service) Battalion, Rifle Brigade – left division 16 June 1918
  • 41st Company, Machine Gun Corpsformed at Winnezeele 15 February 1916; transferred to 14th Divisional MG Battalion March 1918
  • 41st Trench Mortar Battery – formed at Arras by 2 May 1916; broken up as infantry reinforcements by 14 April 1918

Following massive casualties during the German spring offensive all infantry battalions of 14th (L) Division were reduced to training cadres (TCs) in April. Various other units were attached to the division during May to work on the LillersSteenbecqueMorbecque defence line. The division then proceeded to Brookwood in England on 17 June to be reconstituted at Pirbright Camp with troops of medical category B. 41st Brigade was then composed as follows:[4][5]

Service

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14th (Light) Division crossed to France in May 1915 and completed its concentration around Watten, north-west of Saint-Omer, by 25 May. Thereafter it served on the Western Front in the following operations:[4][5]

1915

  • Hooge (German liquid fire attack) 30–31 July
  • Second Attack on Bellewaarde 25 September

1916

1917

1918

Following casualties in the German spring offensive, 14th (L) Division was withdrawn to England to be reconstituted (see above). It returned to the Western Front in July and participated in the following actions:

Following the Armistice with Germany demobilisation of 14th (L) Division began in December 1918 and the division and its formations ceased to exist on 24 March 1919.[4]

41st Brigade was not reactivated in World War II.[6]

Commanders

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The following officers commanded the brigade:[4]

  • Brigadier-General F.A. Fortescue from 23 August 1914
  • Brig-Gen O.S.W. Nugent from 6 May 1915
  • Lieutenant-Colonel J.D.H. Maitland acting from 12 September 1915
  • Brig-Gen H.S. Jeudwine from 28 September 1915
  • Brig-Gen George Baillie-Hamilton, Lord Binning from 20 December 1915
  • Brig-Gen P.C.B. Skinner from 23 April 1916
  • Lt-Col B.J. Curling acting from 31 March 1918
  • Brig-Gen C.R.P. Winser from 3 April 1918
  • Brig-Gen W.F. Sweny from 3 September 1918

Insignia

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The formation sign of 14th (L) Division was a light infantry green rectangle crossed by two white lines, one horizontal the other diagonal.[7] Within the division the units wore a variety of identifying signs; for 41st Bde these were:[8]

  • 7th KRRC: a red square
  • 8th KRRC: a red triangle
  • 7th Rifle Brigade: a black square above a bar of company colour
  • 8th Rifle Brigade: a black inverted triangle above a red (or black) bar, worn on the back of the jacket;[9] an inverted triangle of company colour was worn on the right sleeve

Footnote

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  1. ^ Not to be confused with the Green Jackets Brigade, an official administrative brigade of the British Army 1946–66.

Notes

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  1. ^ Berkeley, p. 107.
  2. ^ War Office Instructions No 32 (6 August) and No 37 (7 August).
  3. ^ Becke, pp. 2 & 8.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Becke, pp. 45–52.
  5. ^ a b c d 14th (Light) Division at Long, Long Trail.
  6. ^ Joslen, p. 287.
  7. ^ Elderton & Gibbs, pp. 25, 32.
  8. ^ Hibberd, p. 17.
  9. ^ Hibberd, p. 36, Fig 9.

References

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  • Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3a: New Army Divisions (9–26), London: HM Stationery Office, 1938/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-41-X.
  • Capt Reginald Berkeley, The History of the Rifle Brigade in the War of 1914–1918, Vol I, August 1914–December 1916, London: The Rifle Brigade Club, 1927/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 978-1-847346-98-8.
  • Clive Elderton & Gary Gibbs, World War One British Army Corps and Divisional Signs, Wokingham: Military History Society, 2018.
  • Mike Hibberd, Infantry Divisions, Identification Schemes 1917, Wokingham: Military History Society, 2016.
  • Lt-Col H.F. Joslen, Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945, London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/London: London Stamp Exchange, 1990, ISBN 0-948130-03-2/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 1-843424-74-6.
  • Instructions Issued by The War Office During August, 1914, London: HM Stationery Office, 1916.

External sources

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