2019–20 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season

The 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season began on October 5, 2019, and was intended to conclude with the Frozen Four in April 2020.[1] This would have been the 73rd season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held, and was US college hockey's 126th year overall. However, the postseason tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In February, seven members that had previously announced their withdrawal from the WCHA following the 2020–21 season announced that they were reforming the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, and that the new conference would begin play with the 2021–22 season.[2]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the NCAA, along with several conferences, decided to ban spectators from attending many of the games played after March 10, 2020, including the 2020 Frozen Four.[3] Additionally, due to the threat of infection, Harvard and Yale withdrew from their conference tournament on March 11, effectively ending their seasons.[4] On March 12, the NCAA canceled the tournament outright, along with all other winter and spring championships.[5]

Polls edit

Regular season edit

Season tournaments edit

Tournament Dates Teams Champion
IceBreaker Invitational October 11–12 4 Ohio State
Friendship Four November 29–30 4 Northeastern
Ledyard Bank Classic December 28–29 4 Dartmouth
Mariucci Classic December 28–29 4 Minnesota
Catamount Cup December 28–29 4 Vermont
Great Lakes Invitational December 30–31 4 Michigan Tech
Fortress Invitational January 3–4 4 Providence
Connecticut Ice January 25–26 4 Sacred Heart
Beanpot February 3, 10 4 Northeastern

Standings edit

Conference record Overall record
GP W L T 3/SW PTS GF GA GP W L T GF GA
#20 American International 28 21 6 1 0 64 96 46 34 21 12 1 103 68
Sacred Heart 28 18 8 2 0 56 104 63 34 21 10 3 127 82
RIT 28 15 9 4 1 50 86 73 36 19 13 4 108 98
Army 28 14 11 3 3 48 70 64 33 17 13 3 82 76
Niagara 28 12 12 4 2 42 64 65 34 12 18 4 72 87
Air Force 28 10 12 6 5 41 60 67 34 10 18 6 70 95
Robert Morris 28 11 12 5 3 41 65 65 34 11 18 5 75 90
Bentley 28 13 13 2 0 41 75 80 34 15 16 3 83 94
Canisius 28 9 13 6 3 36 71 83 34 10 18 6 80 109
Holy Cross 28 9 16 3 2 32 67 83 34 10 19 5 80 99
Mercyhurst 28 3 23 2 0 11 49 118 34 5 27 2 64 141
Championship: March 20, 2020
† indicates conference regular season champion; * indicates conference tournament champion
Rankings: USCHO.com Top 20 Poll; updated March 1, 2020
Conference record Overall record
GP W L T 3/SW PTS GF GA GP W L T GF GA
#9 Penn State 24 12 8 4 1 41 79 70 34 20 10 4 121 88
#10 Ohio State 24 11 9 4 1 38 62 62 34 18 11 5 91 80
#17 Michigan 24 11 10 3 2 38 65 52 34 16 14 4 92 72
#18 Minnesota 24 9 8 7 4 38 66 62 34 14 13 7 95 94
Notre Dame 24 9 9 6 4 37 59 59 34 14 13 7 90 91
Michigan State 24 11 11 2 0 35 54 54 34 15 17 2 80 82
Wisconsin 24 7 15 2 2 25 63 89 34 14 18 2 110 124
Championship: March 21, 2020
† indicates conference regular season champion * indicates conference tournament champion
Rankings: USCHO.com Top 20 Poll; updated March 1, 2020
Overall record
GP W L T GF GA
#14 Arizona State 36 22 11 3 121 97
Rankings: USCHO.com Top 20 Poll; updated March 1, 2020
Conference record Overall record
GP W L T PTS GF GA GP W L T GF GA
#1 Cornell 22 18 2 2 38 81 34 29 23 2 4 104 45
#7 Clarkson 22 16 5 1 33 63 38 34 23 8 3 96 63
#14 Quinnipiac 22 14 6 2 30 64 45 34 21 11 2 94 78
Rensselaer 22 13 8 1 27 63 41 34 17 15 2 95 87
Harvard 22 11 6 5 27 82 59 31 15 10 6 116 87
Dartmouth 22 10 10 2 22 60 73 31 13 14 4 93 106
Yale 22 10 10 2 22 57 64 32 15 15 2 77 97
Colgate 22 8 9 5 21 50 54 36 12 16 8 76 87
Brown 22 8 12 2 18 41 54 31 8 21 2 52 84
Union 22 5 15 2 12 46 71 37 8 25 4 67 112
Princeton 22 2 16 4 8 46 71 31 6 20 5 66 100
St. Lawrence 22 2 18 2 6 37 81 36 4 27 5 64 130
Championship: March 21, 2020
† indicates conference regular season champion (Cleary Cup)
* indicates conference tournament champion (Whitelaw Cup)
Rankings: USCHO.com Top 20 Poll; updated March 23, 2020
Conference record Overall record
GP W L T PTS GF GA GP W L T GF GA
#5 Boston College 24 17 6 1 35 93 48 34 24 8 2 136 71
#9 Massachusetts 24 14 8 2 30 69 49 34 21 11 2 107 67
#12 Massachusetts–Lowell 24 12 7 5 29 60 60 34 18 10 6 90 79
#15 Maine 24 12 9 3 27 56 56 34 18 11 5 89 75
Connecticut 24 12 10 2 26 71 75 34 15 15 4 102 106
Boston University 24 10 9 5 25 69 64 34 13 13 8 103 98
#19 Northeastern 24 11 12 1 23 66 71 34 18 13 3 98 92
Providence 24 10 11 3 23 70 63 34 16 12 6 102 78
New Hampshire 24 9 12 3 21 54 69 34 15 15 4 91 97
Merrimack 24 7 14 3 17 63 77 34 9 22 3 85 123
Vermont 24 2 18 4 8 44 83 34 5 23 6 59 100
Championship: March 21, 2020
† indicates conference regular season champion
* indicates conference tournament champion (Lamoriello Trophy)
Rankings: USCHO.com Top 20 Poll
Conference record Overall record
GP W L T 3/SW PTS GF GA GP W L T GF GA
#3 North Dakota 24 17 4 3 2 56 86 49 35 26 5 4 135 68
#5 Minnesota–Duluth 24 17 5 2 0 53 89 53 34 22 10 2 114 77
#6 Denver 24 11 8 5 4 42 67 54 36 21 9 6 118 81
#16 Western Michigan 24 12 9 3 2 41 84 73 36 18 13 5 125 101
St. Cloud State 24 10 12 2 1 33 61 74 34 13 15 6 94 108
Omaha 24 8 13 3 0 27 63 75 36 14 17 5 108 107
Miami 24 5 16 3 2 20 61 89 34 8 21 5 92 127
Colorado College 24 4 17 3 1 16 48 96 34 11 20 3 86 123
Championship: Cancelled
† indicates conference regular season champion; * indicates conference tournament champion
Rankings: USCHO.com Top 20 Poll
Conference record Overall record
GP W L T 3/SW PTS GF GA GP W L T GF GA
#2 Minnesota State 28 23 4 1 1 71 115 38 36 29 5 2 141 53
#11 Bemidji State 28 20 5 3 2 65 101 46 34 20 9 5 111 65
Northern Michigan 28 16 11 1 1 50 92 87 36 18 14 4 115 112
Alaska 28 14 9 5 2 49 73 65 34 16 13 5 84 86
Bowling Green 28 14 10 4 3 49 85 70 36 19 13 4 112 92
Michigan Tech 28 14 12 2 0 44 68 65 37 19 15 3 96 85
Lake Superior State 28 11 13 4 4 41 66 77 38 13 21 4 90 112
Alaska Anchorage 28 4 18 6 3 21 56 96 34 4 23 7 66 122
Ferris State 28 5 21 2 0 17 54 100 35 7 26 2 70 127
Alabama–Huntsville 28 2 20 6 1 13 50 116 34 2 26 6 57 145
Championship: March 21, 2020
† indicates conference regular season champion; * indicates conference tournament champion
Rankings: USCHO.com Top 20 Poll; updated March 1, 2020

PairWise Rankings edit

The PairWise Rankings (PWR) are a statistical tool designed to approximate the process by which the NCAA selection committee decides which teams get at-large bids to the 16-team NCAA tournament. Although the NCAA selection committee does not use the PWR as presented by USCHO, the PWR has been accurate in predicting which teams will make the tournament field.

For Division I men, all teams are included in comparisons starting in the 2013–14 season (formerly, only teams with a Ratings Percentage Index of .500 or above, or teams under consideration, were included). The PWR method compares each team with every other such team, with the winner of each “comparison” earning one PWR point. After all comparisons are made, the points are totaled up and rankings listed accordingly.

With 60 Division I men's teams, the greatest number of PWR points any team could earn is 59, winning the comparison with every other team. Meanwhile, a team that lost all of its comparisons would have no PWR points.

Teams are then ranked by PWR point total, with ties broken by the teams' RPI ratings, which starting in 2013-14 is weighted for home and road games and includes a quality wins bonus (QWB) for beating teams in the top 20 of the RPI (it also is weighted for home and road).

When it comes to comparing teams, the PWR uses three criteria which are combined to make a comparison: RPI, record against common opponents and head-to-head competition. Starting in 2013–14, the comparison of record against teams under consideration was dropped because all teams are now under comparison.[6]

NCAA Division I Men's Hockey Final PairWise Rankings[7]
Rank Team PWR RPI Conference
1 North Dakota 59 .6220* NCHC
2 Minnesota State 58 .6012* WCHA
3 Cornell 57 .5958* ECAC Hockey
4 Boston College 55 .5785 Hockey East
4 Minnesota–Duluth 55 .5744 NCHC
4 Denver 55 .5704 NCHC
7 Penn State 53 .5560 Big Ten
8 Massachusetts 52 .5520 Hockey East
9 Clarkson 51 .5490* ECAC Hockey
10 Bemidji State 49 .5449 WCHA
10 Ohio State 49 .5422* Big Ten
12 Arizona State 48 .5398* Independent
13 Massachusetts–Lowell 47 .5388 Hockey East
14 Quinnipiac 46 .5356 ECAC Hockey
15 Maine 45 .5325 Hockey East
15 Minnesota 45 .5317 Big Ten
17 Northeastern 42 .5313 Hockey East
17 Michigan 42 .5313 Big Ten
19 Western Michigan 40 .5309 NCHC
19 Notre Dame 40 .5289 Big Ten
21 Providence 39 .5271 Hockey East
22 St. Cloud State 38 .5241 NCHC
23 Sacred Heart 37 .5198 Atlantic Hockey
24 Bowling Green 36 .5172 WCHA
25 Michigan State 35 .5194 Big Ten
26 Northern Michigan 34 .5164 WCHA
27 American International 33 .5161 Atlantic Hockey
28 Wisconsin 32 .5148 Big Ten
29 Harvard 31 .5139 ECAC Hockey
30 Boston University 29 .5109 Hockey East
31 New Hampshire 28 .5118 Hockey East
31 Connecticut 28 .5106 Hockey East
33 Alaska 27 .5101 WCHA
33 Michigan Tech 27 .5101 WCHA
35 Omaha 24 .5060 NCHC
35 Rensselaer 24 .5019 ECAC Hockey
37 RIT 23 .5010 Atlantic Hockey
37 Army 23 .4911 Atlantic Hockey
39 Dartmouth 21 .4910 ECAC Hockey
39 Yale 21 .4892 ECAC Hockey
41 Colorado College 19 .4784 NCHC
41 Miami 19 .4727 NCHC
43 Colgate 16 .4721 ECAC Hockey
43 Lake Superior State 16 .4679 WCHA
45 Merrimack 15 .4661 Hockey East
46 Bentley 14 .4644 Atlantic Hockey
46 Niagara 14 .4537 Atlantic Hockey
48 Robert Morris 12 .4529 Atlantic Hockey
48 Air Force 12 .4514 Atlantic Hockey
50 Canisius 10 .4492 Atlantic Hockey
51 Holy Cross 9 .4476 Atlantic Hockey
52 Brown 8 .4459 ECAC Hockey
53 Vermont 7 .4446 Hockey East
54 Union 6 .4327 ECAC Hockey
54 Ferris State 6 .4293 WCHA
56 Alaska Anchorage 4 .4198 WCHA
57 Princeton 3 .4182 ECAC Hockey
58 Alabama–Huntsville 2 .4118 WCHA
59 St. Lawrence 1 .4077 ECAC Hockey
60 Mercyhurst 0 .3944 Atlantic Hockey
*A team's RPI has been adjusted to remove negative effect from defeating a weak opponent
Note: A team's record is based only on games against other Division I hockey schools which are eligible for the NCAA Tournament[7]
PairWise Rankings were last updated March 1, 2020

Player stats edit

Scoring leaders edit

Updated as of games played on March 8, 2020.[8]

GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes

Player Class Team GP G A Pts PIM
Jack Dugan Sophomore Providence 34 10 42 52 64
Jordan Kawaguchi Junior North Dakota 33 15 30 45 8
Marc Michaelis Senior Minnesota State 31 20 24 44 8
Tyce Thompson Sophomore Providence 34 19 25 44 29
Nick Abruzzese Freshman Harvard 31 14 29 43 4
David Farrance Junior Boston University 34 14 29 43 20
Alex Newhook Freshman Boston College 34 19 23 42 10
Mitchell Fossier Senior Maine 34 10 32 42 12
Julius Mattila Senior Boston College 34 10 32 42 10
James Sanchez Junior Arizona State 36 10 30 40 24

Leading goaltenders edit

The following goaltenders lead the NCAA in goals against average, minimum 1/3 of team's minutes played.[8]
GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average

Player Class Team GP Min W L T GA SO SV% GAA
Dryden McKay Sophomore Minnesota State 37 2156:25 30 4 2 47 10 .942 1.31
Matthew Galajda Junior Cornell 29 1733:36 23 2 4 45 5 .931 1.56
Zach Driscoll Sophomore Bemidji State 33 1989:15 21 8 4 54 4 .937 1.63
Frank Marotte Senior Clarkson 34 2019:49 23 8 3 60 4 .938 1.78
Zackarias Skog Senior American International 19 1049:01 10 8 1 32 4 .926 1.83
Strauss Mann Sophomore Michigan 35 2071:55 18 13 4 64 6 .939 1.85
Matt Murray Junior Massachusetts 20 1094:19 13 6 0 34 3 .919 1.86
Filip Lindberg Sophomore Massachusetts 18 943:58 8 5 2 30 2 .927 1.91
Spencer Knight Freshman Boston College 33 1979:12 23 8 2 65 5 .931 1.97
Keith Petruzzelli Junior Quinnipiac 34 1967:57 21 10 2 66 3 .920 2.01

Awards edit

WCHA edit

Award Recipient
Player of the Year Marc Michaelis, Minnesota State
Offensive Player of the Year Marc Michaelis, Minnesota State
Defensive Player of the Year Alec Rauhauser, Bowling Green
Goaltender of the Year Dryden McKay, Minnesota State
Rookie of the Year Lucas Sowder, Minnesota State
Outstanding Student-Athlete of the Year Edwin Hookenson, Minnesota State
Coach of the Year Tom Serratore, Bemidji State
Scoring Champion Griffin Loughran, Northern Michigan
Most Valuable Player in Tournament Not awarded due to the COVID-19 pandemic
All-WCHA Hockey Teams[19][20]
First Team   Position   Second Team
Dryden McKay, Minnesota State G Zach Driscoll, Bemidji State
Connor Mackey, Minnesota State D Tommy Muck, Bemidji State
Alec Rauhauser, Bowling Green D Philip Beaulieu, Northern Michigan
Marc Michaelis, Minnesota State F Griffin Loughran, Northern Michigan
Adam Brady, Bemidji State F Parker Tuomie, Minnesota State
Chris Jandric, Alaska F Max Humitz, Lake Superior State
Third Team   Position   Rookie Team
Matt Jurusik, Michigan Tech G John Hawthorne, Northern Michigan
Elias Rosén, Bemidji State D Elias Rosén, Bemidji State
Ian Scheid, Minnesota State D Jake Willets, Ferris State
Connor Ford, Bowling Green F Lucas Sowder, Minnesota State
Owen Sillinger, Bemidji State F Louis Boudon, Lake Superior State
Darien Craighead, Northern Michigan F Nathan Smith, Minnesota State

2020 NHL Entry Draft edit

Round Pick Player College Conference NHL team
1 5 Jake Sanderson North Dakota NCHC Ottawa Senators
1 14 Dylan Holloway Wisconsin Big Ten Edmonton Oilers
1 29 Brendan Brisson Michigan Big Ten Vegas Golden Knights
2 36 Sam Colangelo Northeastern Hockey East Anaheim Ducks
2 38 Thomas Bordeleau Michigan Big Ten San Jose Sharks
2 44 Tyler Kleven North Dakota NCHC Ottawa Senators
2 45 Brock Faber Minnesota Big Ten Los Angeles Kings
2 46 Drew Commesso Boston University Hockey East Chicago Blackhawks
2 47 Luke Tuch Boston University Hockey East Montreal Canadiens
2 50 Yan Kuznetsov Connecticut Hockey East Calgary Flames
2 58 Mason Lohrei Ohio State Big Ten Boston Bruins
3 67 Ian Moore Harvard ECAC Hockey Anaheim Ducks
3 74 Ty Smilanic Quinnipiac ECAC Hockey Florida Panthers
3 79 Landon Slaggert Notre Dame Big Ten Chicago Blackhawks
3 80 Jake Boltmann Notre Dame Big Ten Calgary Flames
3 81 Wyatt Kaiser Minnesota–Duluth NCHC Chicago Blackhawks
3 83 Alex Laferriere Harvard ECAC Hockey Los Angeles Kings
3 86 Dylan Peterson Boston University Hockey East St. Louis Blues
3 89 Trevor Kuntar Boston College Hockey East Boston Bruins
3 91 Jackson Hallum Michigan Big Ten Vegas Golden Knights
4 95 Michael Benning Denver NCHC Florida Panthers
4 97 Sam Stange Wisconsin Big Ten Detroit Red Wings
4 100 Carter Savoie Denver NCHC Edmonton Oilers
4 102 Jack Smith Minnesota–Duluth NCHC Montreal Canadiens
4 105 Zachary Uens Merrimack Hockey East Florida Panthers
4 109 Blake Biondi Minnesota–Duluth NCHC Montreal Canadiens
4 111 Mitchell Miller North Dakota NCHC Arizona Coyotes
4 113 Jackson Kunz North Dakota NCHC Vancouver Canucks
4 116 Eamon Powell Boston College Hockey East Tampa Bay Lightning
4 118 Colby Ambrosio Boston College Hockey East Colorado Avalanche
4 120 Ethan Edwards Michigan Big Ten New Jersey Devils
4 121 Alex Jefferies Merrimack Hockey East New York Islanders
4 124 Sean Farrell Harvard ECAC Hockey Montreal Canadiens
5 130 Artem Shlaine Connecticut Hockey East New Jersey Devils
5 131 Matteo Costantini North Dakota NCHC Buffalo Sabres
5 134 Brett Berard Providence Hockey East New York Rangers
5 136 Jakub Dobes Ohio State Big Ten Montreal Canadiens
5 139 Ryder Rolston Notre Dame Big Ten Colorado Avalanche
5 140 Ben Meehan Massachusetts–Lowell Hockey East Los Angeles Kings
5 142 Carson Bantle Michigan Tech WCHA Arizona Coyotes
5 144 Jacob Truscott Michigan Big Ten Vancouver Canucks
5 150 Matthew Kessel Massachusetts Hockey East St. Louis Blues
5 151 Mason Langenbrunner Harvard ECAC Hockey Boston Bruins
6 156 Kyle Aucoin Harvard ECAC Hockey Detroit Red Wings
6 157 Nick Capone Connecticut Hockey East Tampa Bay Lightning
6 159 Lucas Mercuri Massachusetts Hockey East Carolina Hurricanes
6 166 Luke Reid New Hampshire Hockey East Nashville Predators
6 168 Veeti Miettinen St. Cloud State NCHC Toronto Maple Leafs
6 169 Filip Engarås New Hampshire Hockey East Edmonton Oilers
6 170 Chase Yoder Providence Hockey East Pittsburgh Penguins
6 180 Joe Miller Minnesota Big Ten Toronto Maple Leafs
6 182 Riley Duran Providence Hockey East Boston Bruins
6 184 Noah Ellis Massachusetts Hockey East Vegas Golden Knights
7 187 Kienan Draper Miami NCHC Detroit Red Wings
7 189 John Fusco Harvard ECAC Hockey Toronto Maple Leafs
7 194 Noah Beck Clarkson ECAC Hockey St. Louis Blues
7 195 Wyatt Schingoethe Denver NCHC Toronto Maple Leafs
7 196 Alex Young Colgate ECAC Hockey San Jose Sharks
7 202 Gunnarwolfe Fontaine Northeastern Hockey East Nashville Predators
7 203 Chase Bradley Northeastern Hockey East Detroit Red Wings
7 207 Ethan Bowen North Dakota NCHC Anaheim Ducks
7 209 Chase McLane Penn State Big Ten Nashville Predators
7 210 Timofey Spitserov Massachusetts Hockey East San Jose Sharks
7 212 Devon Levi Northeastern Hockey East Florida Panthers
7 213 Ryan Tverberg Connecticut Hockey East Toronto Maple Leafs

† incoming freshman [21]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "NCAA Tickets". NCAA. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  2. ^ "Seven NCAA hockey schools leaving WCHA rebranding themselves as new CCHA conference". USCHO.com. February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  3. ^ "Frozen Four will be played as planned, but spectators not allowed due to coronavirus outbreak". USCHO.com. March 11, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  4. ^ "Coronavirus precautions force ECAC Hockey to re-seed conference tournament after Harvard, Yale withdraw". USCHO.com. March 11, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  5. ^ "NCAA cancels remaining winter and spring championships". NCAA.org - The Official Site of the NCAA. March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  6. ^ "PairWise Rankings explanation - USCHO.com | FAQ | Frequently Asked Questions".
  7. ^ a b "Men's Division I PairWise Rankings - College Hockey | USCHO.com". March 2013.
  8. ^ a b "Men's Division I Hockey 2019-2020 Overall Statistics". College Hockey | Uscho.com. USCHO.com. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  9. ^ "2019-20 CCM/AHCA Division I men's hockey All-Americans announced". NCAA.com. April 12, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  10. ^ "Atlantic Hockey All-Conference Teams Announced". atlantichockeyonline.com. March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  11. ^ "Atlantic Hockey Announces Major Award Winners for 2019-20 Season". atlantichockeyonline.com. March 18, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  12. ^ "Atlantic Hockey Announces 2019-20 All-Rookie Team". atlantichockeyonline.com. March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  13. ^ "Hockey Postseason Honors Announced". bigten.org. May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  14. ^ "ECAC Hockey Announces 2019-20 All-League Selections". ecachockey.com. March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.[permanent dead link]
  15. ^ "Hockey East Names 2019-20 Pro Ambitions All-Rookie Team". hockeyeastonline.com. March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
  16. ^ "Hockey East Names 2019-20 All-Star Teams - Hockey East Association". hockeyeastonline.com. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  17. ^ "Quartet of Bulldogs Leads 2019-20 NCHC All-Conference First Team". nchchockey.com. March 11, 2020. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  18. ^ "Pair of Pioneers, Mavericks Lead 2019-20 NCHC All-Rookie Team". nchchockey.com. March 10, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  19. ^ "WCHA Announces 2019-20 Individual Award Winners". WCHA.com. March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  20. ^ "WCHA Announces 2019-20 All-League Teams". WCHA.com. March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  21. ^ "NCAA player rankings, selections in 2020 NHL Draft". USCHO.com. Retrieved July 9, 2022.