Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon
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The men's marathon event was a special race invented as part of the Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. Seventeen athletes from 5 nations competed.[1] It was the capstone of the athletics programme. The event was won by Spyridon Louis and was the only Greek victory in athletics.
| Men's marathon at the Games of the I Olympiad | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Spyridon Louis entering the stadium at the end of the marathon | ||||||||||
| Venue | Marathon to Athens | |||||||||
| Date | 10 April 1896 | |||||||||
| Competitors | 17 from 5 nations | |||||||||
| Winning time | 2:58:50 OR | |||||||||
| Medalists | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
Background edit
Michel Bréal originated the idea of a race from the city of Marathon to Athens, taking inspiration from the legend of Pheidippides. The first such marathon race was a Greek national competition that served as a qualifier for the Olympic marathon, won by Charilaos Vasilakos. The length of the marathon in 1896 was approximately 40 km (25 mi).[2]
While twenty-five athletes traveled to Marathon for the race, only seventeen actually began the race.
At least one woman, Stamata Revithi, attempted to enter the race, but this was rejected. Officially, the reason given was that her entry came after the deadline; unofficially, the reason was her gender.[3] She ran the course on her own the next day, covering the distance in 5½ hours.[4]
There are also references to a woman named Melpomene attempting to run; there is dispute whether this was a second woman, or instead it was Revithi.[5]
Summary edit
Just as in the 1500 metre race, Albin Lermusiaux took the lead early. Edwin Flack and Arthur Blake maintained second and third place, until Blake dropped out at 23 kilometres. At 32 kilometres, Lermusiaux dropped out as well, leaving Flack in the lead as Spyridon Louis was making full use of his endurance to reach the front.
Exhausted from trying to maintain his pace, Flack dropped out of the race with three kilometres left, leaving Louis alone at the front; he stormed home to finish the 40 kilometre race in one minutes and ten seconds under three hours.
Vasilakos finished second, followed by Spyridon Belokas, who held off a fast-finishing Gyula Kellner to seemingly complete a Greek top-three sweep.
However, Kellner subsequently lodged a protest, claiming Belokas had covered part of the course by carriage after having supposedly dropped out of the race: the protest was upheld, and Belokas was disqualified.
Records edit
Marathon distances at the time were not standardized and records were not officially recognized. The best time in a qualifying race was by Lavrentis.[6]
| World record |  Ioannis Lavrentis (GRE) |
3:11:27 (u) | n/a | n/a |
| Olympic record | New event | n/a | n/a | n/a |
The following record was established during the competition:
| Date | Event | Athlete | Nation | Distance (m) | Record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 10 | Final | Spyridon Louis |  Greece |
2:58:50 | OR |
Schedule edit
The runners traveled to the town of Marathon on Thursday night. They assembled on the starting bridge at 2 p.m. on Friday.[7]
| Date | Time | Round | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gregorian | Julian | ||
| Friday, 10 April 1896 | Friday, 29 March 1896 | 14:00 | Final |
Results edit
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Spyridon Louis | Greece
|
2:58:50 | OR |
|
Charilaos Vasilakos | Greece
|
3:06:03 | |
|
Gyula Kellner |  Hungary
|
3:06:35 | |
| 4 | Ioannis Vrettos | Greece
|
Unknown | |
| 5 | Eleftherios Papasymeon | Greece
|
Unknown | |
| 6 | Dimitrios Deligiannis | Greece
|
Unknown | |
| 7 | Evangelos Gerakeris | Greece
|
Unknown | |
| 8 | Stamatios Masouris | Greece
|
Unknown | |
| 9 | Sokratis Lagoudakis | Greece
|
Unknown | [1] |
| — | Edwin Flack |  Australia
|
DNF (37 km) | |
| Albin Lermusiaux |  France
|
DNF (32 km) | ||
| Ioannis Lavrentis | Greece
|
DNF (24 km) | ||
| Georgios Grigoriou | Greece
|
DNF (24 km) | ||
| Arthur Blake |  United States
|
DNF (23 km) | ||
| Ilias Kafetzis | Greece
|
DNF (9 km) | ||
| Dimitrios Christopoulos | Greece
|
DNF (? km) | ||
| — | Spyridon Belokas | Greece
|
DQ |
References edit
- Lampros, S.P.; Polites, N.G.; De Coubertin, Pierre; Philemon, P.J. & Anninos, C. (1897). The Olympic Games: BC 776 – AD 1896. Athens: Charles Beck. (Digitally available at la84foundation.org)
- Mallon, Bill & Widlund, Ture (1998). The 1896 Olympic Games. Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. Jefferson: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0379-9. (Excerpt available at la84foundation.org)
- Smith, Michael Llewellyn (2004). Olympics in Athens 1896. The Invention of the Modern Olympic Games. London: Profile Books. ISBN 1-86197-342-X.
- Specific
- ^ a b "Marathon, Men". Olympedia. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
- ^ "Untitled".
- ^ Martin, David E.; Gynn, Roger W. H. (2000). "The Olympic Marathon". Running through the Ages. Human Kinetics. pp. 12, 21. ISBN 0-88011-969-1.
- ^ Martin & Gynn, Running through the Ages, 22; Tarasouleas, Stamata Revithi, "Alias Melpomeni", 55; Tarasouleas, The Female Spiridon Loues, 12. However, some of the authors who believe that "Melpomene" and Revithi are the same person attribute to the latter the more favorable time of 4½ hours. E.g. Miragaya, The Female Olympian, 314, who cites DeFrantz, A. (1997). "The Changing Role of Women in the Olympic Games". 37th International Session for Young Participants – IOA Report. Ancient Olympia: International Olympic Academy.
- ^ Martin & Gynn, Running through the Ages, 20–21
- ^ Martin, Dr. David (2000). "Marathon running as a social and athletic phenomenon: historical and current trends". In Pedoe, Dan Tunstall (ed.). Marathon Medicine. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press. p. 31. ISBN 9781853154607.
- ^ Official Report, p. 86.