Pakistan: Difference between revisions

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→‎References: Update ref Vandamme-2014. Verified that the Vandamme-2014 quotation (starting, "Countries like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have..."). However, the parenthetical comment at the end is not part of the quotation, so that has been dropped.
→‎Etymology: Replace with sfn
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== Etymology ==
The name ''Pakistan'' was coined by [[Choudhry Rahmat Ali]], a [[Pakistan Movement]] activist, who in January 1933 first published it (originally as "Pakstan") in a pamphlet ''[[Pakistan Declaration|Now or Never]]'', using it as an [[acronym]].<ref name="Ali-1933">{{cite web sfn|author=Choudhary Rahmat Ali Aziz|title=Now or never: Are we to live or perish for ever? |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_rahmatali_1933.html|access-date=4 December 2007 |date=28 January 1933 |publisher=Columbia University1987}}</ref> Rahmat Ali explained: "It is composed of letters taken from the names of all our homelands, Indian and Asian, [[Punjab Province (British India)|''P''anjab]], [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)|''A''fghania]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|''K''ashmir]], [[Sind Division|''S''indh]], and [[Baluchistan Agency|Baluchis''tan'']]." He added, "Pakistan is both a [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Urdu]] word... It means the land of the Paks, the spiritually pure and clean."<ref>Krishna K. {{sfn|Tummala, ''Public Administration in India'' (Allied Publishers, |1996), [https://books.google.com/books?id=HSQZj1_FrosC&pg=PA42 p. 42], citing Choudhry Rahmat Ali, ''Pakistan'' (Cambridge University Press, 1946), p. 225</ref>}} Etymologists note that {{wikt-lang|fa|پاک}} {{transliteration|fa|pāk}}, is 'pure' in Persian and [[Pashto]]<ref>{{cite book |title=A Dictionary of Pashto |last=Raverty |first=Henry George |url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:1478.raverty |access-date=28 April 2015 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307070438/http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:1478.raverty |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the Persian suffix {{wikt-lang|fa|ـستان}} {{transliteration|fa|[[-stan]]}} means 'land' or 'place of'.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ford |first=Matt |title=Kazakhstan's President is Tired of His Country's Name Ending in 'Stan' |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/02/kazakhstans-president-is-tired-of-his-countrys-name-ending-in-stan/283676/ |website=Atlantic |date=7 February 2014 |access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Afghanistan, Kazakhstan: How Many "-stans" Are There? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/afghanistan-kyrgyzstan/ |website=Dictionary.com |access-date=12 April 2022 |date=24 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Hayyim|first=Sulayman|title=New Persian-English Dictionary|chapter-url= https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=ستان&searchhws=yes |chapter=ستان |year=1892 |page=30 |volume=2 |location=Tehran |publisher=Librairie imprimerie Béroukhim}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Burki |first1=Shahid Javed |title=Pakistan |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan/History |website=Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=12 April 2022}}</ref>
 
Rahmat Ali's concept of Pakistan only related to the north-west area of the Indian subcontinent. He also proposed the name "Banglastan" for the Muslim areas of [[Bengal]] and "Osmanistan" for [[Hyderabad State]], as well as a political federation between the three.<ref>''[[South Asian Studies]]'', Volume 11 (Department of Political Science, University of Rajasthan, 1976), p. 69</ref><ref>Sugam Anand, ''Modern Indian Historiography: From Pillai to Azad'' (MG Publishers, 1991), p. 178</ref>
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* {{harvtxt|Solomon|1997}}
* {{harvtxt|Rajagopalan|2011}}
* {{harvtxt|Paul|2012|p=11}} "The regional powers such as Israel or Pakistan are not simple bystanders of great power politics in their regions; they attempt to asymmetrically influence the major power system often in their own distinct ways."
* {{harvtxt|Buzan|Waever|2003}}
* {{harvtxt|Paul|2012|p=11}} "The regional powers such as Israel or Pakistan are not simple bystanders of great power politics in their regions; they attempt to asymmetrically influence the major power system often in their own distinct ways."
* {{harvtxt|Vandamme|2014|p=14}} "Countries like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have enough influence to not be considered small, but not enough to be major powers. Within the limits of their regions, they play a significant political role. Thus instinctively, they would qualify as middle powers. While it is not the objective here to question the characteristics of Jordan's definition of middle powers, we argue that Pakistan is in fact a middle power despite its being nuclear-armed. When looking at the numbers, for instance, it appears that Saudi Arabia and Pakistan can be classified as middle powers."
}}<!--end refn-->
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* {{cite book|last=Wynbrandt |first=James |title=A Brief History of Pakistan|url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofpa0000wynb|url-access=registration|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0-81-606184-6}}
* {{cite book|last1=Zia|first1=Nadeem|last2=Burton|first2=Bruce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hzTEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA2002|title=Corporate Governance Challenges in Pakistan: Perceptions and Potential Routes Forward|date=24 October 2023|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-077306-4}}
{{refend}}
 
'''Etymology'''
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last1=Aziz|first1=Khursheed Kamal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jB5uAAAAMAAJ&of=PA88|title=Rahmat Ali: A Biography|year=1987|publisher=Vanguard|page=88|isbn=978-3-51-505051-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Tummala|first1=Krishna K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSQZj1_FrosC&pg=PA42|title=Public Administration in India|year=1996|publisher=Allied Publishers (P) Limited|page=42|isbn=978-8-17-023590-3}}
{{refend}}