| Turkic · Tungusic · Mongolic |
This page compares Turkic languages and their conservation status.
Comparison edit
Merged of Turkic peoples, Turkic languages and List of Turkic languages:
| Languages[1][2] | Peoples | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Branch | Name | Status | Total Speak. | Scr. | Wiki | Page count | 639-1/3 | National-state | Ethnonym | Pop. | Religion |
| Oghuz | Turkish | Normal | 85,197,130 | Latn | tr: | 607,683 | tr / tur |  Turkey Northern Cyprus
|
Turkish | 75,700,000 | Sunni, Alevi |
| Turkmen | Normal | 6,975,120 | Latn | tk: | 6,858 | tk / tuk |  Turkmenistan
|
Turkmens | 8,000,000 | Sunni | |
| Gagauz | Critically endangered | 148,720 | Latn | gag: | 2,803 | gag |  Gagauzia ( Moldova)
|
Gagauz | 126,000 | Orthodox | |
| Balkan Gagauz | Threatened | 331,000 | Latn | inc:bgx | 1 | bgx | Spoken in Turkey
| ||||
| Salar | Vulnerable | 70,000 | Latn | inc:slr | 356 | slr | Xunhua & Jishishan A.C. ( China)
|
Salar | 104,000 | Sunni, Tibetan Buddhism | |
| Azerbaijani (north) | Normal | 9,216,930 | Latn | az: | 200,035 | az / aze / azj |  Azerbaijan
|
Azerbaijanis | 31,300,000 | Shia, Sunni | |
| Azerbaijani (south) | Normal | 13,924,250 | Arab | azb: | 243,516 | az / aze / azb | Spoken in  Iran
| ||||
| Khorasani Turkic | Vulnerable | 916,000 | Arab | inc:kmz | 10 | kmz | Khorasani Turks | 1,000,000 | Shia | ||
| Qashqai | Normal | 974,000 | Arab | inc:qxq | 26 | qxq | Qashqai | 949,000 | Shia | ||
| Arghu Turkic | Khalaj | Vulnerable | 52,800 | Arab | — | — | klj | Khalaj | 42,000 | Shia | |
| Karluk | Uzbek (north) | Normal | 26,837,820 | Latn | uz: (Ltn) | 260,380 | uz / uzb / uzn |  Uzbekistan
|
Uzbeks | 30,700,000 | Sunni |
| Uzbek (south) | Normal | 6,575,700 | Arab | inc:uzs | 5 | uz / uzb / uzs | Spoken in  Afghanistan
| ||||
| Uyghur | Normal | 10,405,490 | Arab | ug: (Ltn) | 6,000 | ug / uig | Xinjiang A.R. ( China)
|
Uyghurs | 11,900,000 | Sunni | |
| Kipchak | Kazakh | Normal | 13,161,980 | Latn | kk: (Ltn) | 236,609 | kk / kaz |  KazakhstanIli A.P., Aksay, Barkol & Mori A.C. ( China) Altai Republic ( Russia)
|
Kazakhs | 15,100,000 | Sunni |
| Kyrgyz | Normal | 5,010,650 | Cyrl | ky: | 79,144 | ky / kir |  KyrgyzstanKizilsu A.P. ( China)
|
Kyrgyz | 6,000,000 | Sunni | |
| Karakalpak | Normal | 739,270 | Latn | kaa: | 5,051 | kaa |  Karakalpakstan ( Uzbekistan)
|
Karakalpaks | 796,000 | Sunni | |
| Karaim | Critically endangered | 84 | Cyrl | inc:kdr | 33 | kdr | Spoken in  Ukraine and  Poland
|
Crimean Karaites | 2,000 | Karaite Judaism | |
| Tatar | Normal | 5,283,650 | Cyrl | tt: (Ltn) | 501,348 | tt / tat |  Tatarstan
|
Volga Tatars | 6,200,000 | Sunni, Orthodox | |
| Crimean Tatar | Severely endangered | 542,740 | Latn | crh: | 28,078 | crh |  Crimea
|
Crimean Tatars | 500,000 | Sunni | |
| Siberian Tatar | Definitely endangered | 101,000 | Cyrl | inc:sty | 242 | sty | Spoken in Siberia | Siberian Tatars | 6,000 | Sunni | |
| Bashkir | Vulnerable | 1,235,040 | Cyrl | ba: | 63,601 | ba / bak |  Bashkortostan
|
Bashkirs | 1,700,000 | Sunni | |
| Kumyk | Vulnerable | 426,000 | Cyrl | inc:kum | 711 | kum | Spoken in Kumykia ( Dagestan)
|
Kumyks | 520,000 | Sunni | |
| Nogai | Definitely endangered | 87,100 | Cyrl | inc:nog | 1,045 | nog | Dagestan Karachay-Cherkessia
|
Nogais | 110,000 | Sunni | |
| Karachay-Balkar | Vulnerable | 311,700 | Cyrl | krc: | 2,096 | krc | Karachay-Cherkessia
|
Karachays | 346,000 | Sunni | |
 Kabardino-Balkaria
|
Balkars | 112,000 | Sunni | ||||||||
| Oghur | Chuvash | Vulnerable | 1,279,650 | Cyrl | cv: | 55,966 | cv / chv |  Chuvashia
|
Chuvashes | 1,500,000 | Orthodox, Vattisen Yaly |
| Siberian Turkic | Yakut | Vulnerable | 450,000 | Cyrl | sah: | 17,485 | sah |  Sakha (Yakutia)
|
Yakuts (Sakha) | 482,000 | Orthodox, Tengrism |
| Khakas | Definitely endangered | 42,610 | Cyrl | inc:kjh | 1,082 | kjh |  Khakassia
|
Khakas | 75,000 | Orthodox, Tengrism | |
| Altai (south) | Severely endangered | 57,400 | Cyrl | alt: | 1,095 | alt | Altai Republic
|
Altaians, Telengits, Teleuts | 80,593 | Burkhanism, Tengrism, Orthodox | |
| Altai (north) | Severely endangered | inc:atv | 33 | atv | Spoken in Altai Republic and  Altai Krai |
Chelkans, Kumandins, Tubalars | 6,038 | ||||
| Dolgan | Definitely endangered | 1,050 | Cyrl | inc:dlg | 5 | dlg | Spoken in  Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District
|
Dolgans | 13,000 | Tengrism, Orthodox | |
| Shor | Severely endangered | 2,840 | Cyrl | inc:cjs | 20 | cjs | Spoken in  Kemerovo Oblast
|
Shors | 8,000 | Orthodox, Tengrism | |
| Chulym | Critically endangered | 44 | Cyrl | inc:clw | 6 | clw | Spoken in  Tomsk Oblast and  Krasnoyarsk Krai
|
Chulyms | 355 | Orthodox | |
| Tuvan | Vulnerable | 297,500 | Cyrl | tyv: | 3,521 | tyv |  Tuva
|
Tuvans | 274,858 | Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism | |
| Tofa (Karagas) | Critically endangered | 93 | Cyrl | — | — | kim | Spoken in Tofalariya ( Irkutsk Oblast)
|
Tofalars | 800 | Tengrism, Orthodox | |
Spoken in  Khövsgöl ( Mongolia)
|
Dukha | 282 | Tengrism | ||||||||
| Western Yugur | Severely endangered | 4,600 | Latn | inc:ybe | 3 | ybe | Sunan A.C. ( China)
|
Yugurs | 13,000 | Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism | |
| Khotons spoke a Turkic (Uyghur, Uzbek or Kyrgyz) dialect (ru) until 19th century. | Spoken in  Uvs ( Mongolia) |
Khotons | 10,000 | Sunni | |||||||
| Soyot language is extinct, but there are revitalization efforts. | Spoken in  Buryatia |
Soyots | 3,608 | Tibetan Buddhism | |||||||
| Kipchak | Krymchak | Critically endangered | 202 | Hebr | inc:jct | 29 | jct | Spoken in Ukraine and  Israel
|
Krymchaks | 1,000 | Orthodox Judaism |
| Oghuz | Urum | Definitely endangered | 185,000 | Cyrl | — | — | uum | Spoken in Ukraine and  Georgia
|
Urums | 185,000 | Orthodox |
| Karluk | Äynu | Critically endangered | 12,000 | Arab | — | — | aib | Spoken in Xinjiang, China
|
Äynu | 40,000 | Shia |
| Ili Turki | Severely endangered | 240 | Cyrl | inc:ili | 2 | ili | Ili Turks | 177 | Islam | ||
| Karluk | Chagatai | Extinct | 0 | Arab | inc:chg | 1 | chg | Spoken in Central Asia between 15th-20th century. | |||
| Karakhanid | Historical | 0 | — | — | xqa | Spoken in Central Asia between 9th-15th century. | |||||
| Khorezmian | Historical | 0 | — | — | zkh | Spoken in Golden Horde between 13th–14th century. | |||||
| Oghuz | Ottoman Turkish | Historical | 0 | Arab | src:ota | 56 | ota | Spoken in Ottoman Empire from 15th century. Evolved into modern Turkish. | |||
| Pecheneg | Historical | 0 | — | — | xpc | Spoken by Pechenegs in Central and Eastern Europe in 7th–12th century. | |||||
| Oghur | Bulgar | Historical | 0 | — | — | xbo | Spoken by Bulgars until 14th century. | ||||
| Khazar | Historical | 0 | Orkh | — | — | zkz | Spoken by Khazars until 13th century. | ||||
| Siberian Turkic | Old Turkic | Historical | 0 | Orkh | inc:otk | 15 | otk | Spoken in Central Asia and Mongolia between 7th -13th century. | |||
| Old Uyghur | Historical | 0 | Old Uyg | — | — | oui | Spoken in Uyghur Khaganate, Qocho, Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom between 9th–14th century. | ||||
| Kipchak | Cuman | Extinct | 0 | Latn | — | — | qwm | Spoken by Cumans and Kipchaks, became extinct in 17th century. | |||
| Turkic languages | Normal | 190M | 2M | trk | Turkic peoples | 193M | |||||
Tree edit
| Turkic |
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Wikimedia projects edit
|
|
Wikipedia Incubator Projects edit
| Page count[3] | Languages |
|---|---|
| 1,000+ | Khakas, Nogai |
| 100+ | Kumyk , Siberian Tatar, Salar |
Conservation status edit
Ethnologue classification edit
Size and Vitality according to Ethnologue 2024th edition:
| Size | Institutional | Stable | Endangered | Extinct |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1M to 1B | Turkish, Azerbaijani (north / south), Turkmen, Uzbek (north / south), Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Bashkir | Khorasani Turkic, Qashqai | ||
| 10K to 1M | Yakut, Tuvan, Altai (south) | Khakas, Gagauz, Karakalpak, Crimean Tatar, Siberian Tatar, Kumyk, Karachay-Balkar | Chuvash, Khalaj, Nogai, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Salar, Altai (north), Äynu | |
| Less than 10K | Urum, Karaim, Krymchak, Dolgan, Shor, Western Yugur, Ili Turki | |||
| None | Tofa, Chulym | Chagatai |
Glottolog classification edit
AES according to Glottolog Edition 5.0:[4]
| Status | Language |
|---|---|
| Not endangered |
Turkish, Azerbaijani (north / south), Uzbek (north / south), Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar, Tuvan, Qashqai, Karakalpak, Siberian Tatar |
| Threatened |
Bashkir, Yakut, Khorasani Turkic, Chuvash, Gagauz, Kumyk, Karachay-Balkar, Khalaj, Crimean Tatar |
| Shifting |
Altai (south / north), Nogai, Khakas, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Salar, Urum, Dolgan, Western Yugur, Äynu |
| Moribund | |
| Nearly Extinct | |
| Extinct | Chagatai, Ottoman Turkish, Pecheneg, Bulgar, Old Uyghur |
ECRML edit
The following languages are protected by European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages as of 1 November 2022.[5]
| Language | Country | Part |
|---|---|---|
| Crimean Tatar | Ukraine | II-III |
| Gagauz | Ukraine | II-III |
| Karaim | Poland | II-III |
| Ukraine | II | |
| Krymchak | Ukraine | II |
| Tatar | Finland | II |
| Poland | II-III | |
| Romania | II | |
| Turkish | Bosnia and Herzegovina | II-III |
| Romania | II-III |
Automatic Translation edit
| Language | Google Translate[6] | Microsoft Translator[7] | Yandex Translate[8] | Meta AI NLLB[9] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijani | Latin | |||
| Bashkir | in development | Cyrillic | ||
| Chuvash | in development | — | Cyrillic | — |
| Kazakh | Cyrillic & Latin | Cyrillic | ||
| Kyrgyz | Cyrillic & Latin | Cyrillic (in Beta) | Cyrillic | |
| Tatar | Cyrillic | Cyrillic & Latin | Cyrillic | |
| Turkish | Latin | |||
| Turkmen | Latin | — | Latin | |
| Uyghur | Arabic | — | Arabic | |
| Uzbek | Latin | Cyrillic & Latin | Latin | |
| Yakut | in development | — | Cyrillic (in Beta) | — |
| Gagauz | in development | — | — | — |
| Karakalpak | in development | — | — | — |
| Karachay-Balkar | in development | — | — | — |
| Khakas | in development | — | — | — |
| Khorasani Turkic | in development | — | — | — |
| Kumyk | in development | — | — | — |
| Qashqai | in development | — | — | — |
| Salar | in development | — | — | — |
| Shor | in development | — | — | — |
| Siberian Tatar | in development | — | — | — |
| Southern Altai | in development | — | — | — |
| Tuvinian | in development | — | — | — |
| Urum | in development | — | — | — |
| Balkan Gagauz | future[10] | — | — | — |
| Crimean Tatar | — | — | Latin | |
| Nogai | — | — | — | |
| South Azerbaijani | — | — | — | Arabic |
Map edit
Turkic languages
Wikidata edit
Samples edit
Organizations edit
| Organization | Abbreviation | Founded | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organization of Turkic States | OTS | 2009 | https://www.turkicstates.org/ | |
| International Organization of Turkic Culture | TURKSOY | 1993 | https://www.turksoy.org/ | |
| Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States | TURKPA | 2008 | https://turkpa.org/ | |
| Turkic Academy | TWESCO | 2012 | https://turkicacademy.org/ | |
| Turkic Culture and Heritage Foundation (wikidata) | ITCHF | 2015 | https://itchf.org/ | |
| The Union of Turkic Chamber of Commerce and Industry | TCCI | 2019 | TCCI on Twitter | |
| Turkic University Union | TURKUNIB | 2013 | http://www.turkunib.org/ | |
| Geographical Council of Turkic States | 2023 | |||
| Alliance of Cultural Capitals of the Turkic World | TURKBIR | 2023 | ||
| The Union of Filmmakers of Turkic Countries | TÜRKFİLM | 2023 | ||
| Union of Turkish World Municipalities | TDBB | 2003 | https://www.tdbb.org.tr/ | |
| Union of Engineers and Architects of Turkic World | TDMMB | 2002 | https://www.tdmmb.org.tr/ | |
- ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2020). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (23rd ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- ^ For test wikis, as of 28 October 2023.
- ^ As of 26 December 2020.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ "Languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages". 1 November 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
- ^ "Diller - Google Çeviri". translate.google.com. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ "Language support - Translator - Azure Cognitive Services". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^ "Supported languages". yandex.com. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ "Meta AI Research Topic - No Language Left Behind". ai.meta.com. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ^ "Unlocking Zero-Resource Machine Translation to Support New Languages in Google Translate". Google AI Blog. Retrieved 23 July 2022.