Kabardino-Balkaria

      Kabardino-Balkar Republic
      Кабардино-Балкарская Республика (Russian)
      Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ (Kabardian)
      Къабарты-Малкъар Республика (Balkar)
      —  Republic  —

      Flag
      Coat of arms
      Anthem: National Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
      Coordinates: 43°35′N 43°24′E / 43.583°N 43.400°E / 43.583; 43.400Coordinates: 43°35′N 43°24′E / 43.583°N 43.400°E / 43.583; 43.400
      Political status
      Country Russia
      Federal district North Caucasian[1]
      Economic region North Caucasus[2]
      Established January 5, 1936
      Capital Nalchik[3]
      Government (as of August 2010)
       - Head[4] Arsen Kanokov[5]
       - Legislature Parliament[6]
      Statistics
      Area (as of the 2002 Census)[7]
       - Total 12,500 km2 (4,826.3 sq mi)
      Area rank 78th
      Population (2010 Census)[8]
       - Total 859,939
       - Rank 59th
       - Density[9] 68.8 /km2 (178 /sq mi)
       - Urban 54.5%
       - Rural 45.5%
      Time zone(s) MSK (UTC+04:00)[10]
      ISO 3166-2 RU-KB
      License plates 07
      Official languages Russian;[11] Kabardian, Balkar[12]
      [None Official website]

      The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия, Kabardino-Balkariya), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus. Population: 859,939 (2010 Census).[8]

      Geography

      The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.

      Kabardino-Balkaria is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

      Rivers

      Major rivers include:

      Lakes

      Detailed map of Kabardino-Balkaria
      Mount Dykh-Tau

      There are about a hundred lakes in the republic, none of which are large. Just over half (fifty-five) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than 0.01 square kilometers (0.0039 sq mi). Some of the lakes are:

      • Tserikkel Lake (area 26,000 m²; depth 368 m)
      • Lower Goluboye Lake
      • Kel-Ketchen Lake (depth 177 m)
      • Upper Goluboye Lake (depth 18 m)
      • Sekretnoye Lake
      • Tambukan Lake (area 1.77 km²; depth 1.5 to 2 m), partially within Stavropol Krai.

      Mountains

      Other major mountains include:

      Natural resources

      Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten, and coal.

      Climate

      The republic has a continental type climate.

      • Average January temperature: −12 °C (10 °F) (mountains) to −4 °C (25 °F) (plains)
      • Average July temperature: +4 °C (39 °F) (mountains) to +23 °C (73 °F) (plains)
      • Average annual precipitation: 500-2,000 mm.
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      Administrative divisions

      Main article: Administrative divisions of Kabardino-Balkaria
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      History

      Main article: History of Kabardino-Balkaria
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      Demographics

      Population

      Ethnic map of Kabardino Balkaria, 2002

      Population: 859,939 (2010 Census);[8] 901,494 (2002 Census);[13] 759,586 (1989 Census).[14]

      Vital statistics

      Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
      Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Fertility rates
      1970 592 11,683 3,913 7,770 19.7 6.6 13.1
      1975 634 12,315 4,717 7,598 19.4 7.4 12.0
      1980 680 14,098 5,457 8,641 20.7 8.0 12.7
      1985 725 15,941 5,854 10,087 22.0 8.1 13.9
      1990 772 15,412 6,573 8,839 20.0 8.5 11.5 2,45
      1991 788 14,952 6,995 7,957 19.0 8.9 10.1 2,35
      1992 799 13,728 7,093 6,635 17.2 8.9 8.3 2,16
      1993 807 11,781 7,864 3,917 14.6 9.7 4.9 1,86
      1994 816 11,407 8,052 3,355 14.0 9.9 4.1 1,79
      1995 828 10,844 8,236 2,608 13.1 9.9 3.2 1,67
      1996 840 10,293 8,199 2,094 12.2 9.8 2.5 1,56
      1997 853 10,016 7,985 2,031 11.7 9.4 2.4 1,47
      1998 866 9,997 8,201 1,796 11.5 9.5 2.1 1,44
      1999 875 9,221 8,292 929 10.5 9.5 1.1 1,30
      2000 883 9,207 8,792 415 10.4 10.0 0.5 1,26
      2001 891 8,892 8,778 114 10.0 9.9 0.1 1,19
      2002 897 9,119 8,954 165 10.2 10.0 0.2 1,20
      2003 896 9,294 9,202 92 10.4 10.3 0.1 1,20
      2004 889 9,414 8,695 719 10.6 9.8 0.8 1,22
      2005 882 8,991 9,034 - 43 10.2 10.2 -0.0 1,13
      2006 875 9,308 8,764 544 10.6 10.0 0.6 1,16
      2007 870 11,397 8,441 2,956 13.1 9.7 3.4 1,41
      2008 866 12,052 8,095 3,957 13.9 9.3 4.6 1,49
      2009 863 12,143 8,406 3,737 14.1 9.7 4.3 1,62
      2010 860 12,576 8,080 4,496 14.6 9.4 5.2 1,66
      2011 860 12,848 8,136 4,712 14.9 9.4 5.5 1,70
      2012 859 13,721 7,691 6,030 15.9 8,9 7.0 1,85(e)

      Note: TFR 2009, 2010, 2011 source.[15]


      Ethnic groups

      Kabardino-Balkaria includes two major ethnic communities, the Kabardins (Circassians), who speak a North-West Caucasian language, and the Balkars, who speak a Turkic language. According to the 2010 Census,[8] Kabardins make up 57.2% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (22.5%) and Balkars (12.7%). Other groups include Ossetians (1.1%), Turks (1.6%), Ukrainians (0.6%), Armenians (0.6%), Koreans (0.5%), Chechens (0.2%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

      Ethnic
      group      		 1926 census1 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002 census 2010 census3
      Number  % Number  % Number  % Number  % Number  % Number  % Number  % Number  %
      Kabarday 122,237 54.2% 152,237 42.4% 190,284 45.3% 264,675 45.0% 303,604 45.5% 364,494 48.2% 498,7022 55.3% 490,453 57.2%
      Balkars 33,197 14.7% 40,747 11.3% 34,088 8.1% 51,356 8.7% 59,710 9.0% 70,793 9.4% 104,951 11.6% 108,577 12.7%
      Russians 32,622 14.5% 129,067 35.9% 162,586 38.7% 218,595 37.2% 234,137 35.1% 240,750 31.9% 226,620 25.1% 193,155 22.5%
      Ossetians 3,839 1.7% 4,608 1.3% 6,442 1.5% 9,167 1.6% 9,710 1.5% 9,996 1.3% 9,845 1.1% 9,129 1.1%
      Ukrainians 24,723 11.0% 11,142 3.1% 8,400 2.0% 10,620 1.8% 12,139 1.8% 12,826 1.7% 7,592 0.8% 4,800 0.6%
      Others 8,803 3.9% 21,328 5.9% 18,315 4.4% 33,790 5.7% 47,246 7.1% 55,672 7.4% 53,784 6.0% 51,556 6.0%
      1The results of the 1926 census refer to the present territory, which is a combination of the Kabardo-Balkar AO and a part of the Terek district. The latter area was mainly inhabited by Russians and Ukrainians.[16]

      2In view of the results of the 1989 census and the 2010 census, the number of Kabardins in 2002 seems unlikely high.

      32,269 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[17]

      Religion



      Circle frame.svg

      Religion in Kabardino-Balkaria (2012)[18][19]

        Muslim (55%)
        Russian Orthodox (15.6%)
        Unaffiliated Christian (10%)
        Caucasian Neopaganism (3%)
        Spiritual but not religious (12%)
        Other and non-religious (5.4%)

      According to a 2012 official survey[18] 55% of the population of Kabardino-Balkaria adheres to Islam, 15.6% to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% to Caucasian Neopaganism, 10% are unaffiliated generic Christians. In addition, 12% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 5.4% is atheist or follows other religions.[18]

      Populated places

      List of most populous places in the republic (with the population figures as of the 2010 Census):[8]

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      Politics

      The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the Head. The current Head is Arsen Kanokov, who has held the position since September 2005.

      The legislative body of the Republic is the Parliament comprising 72 deputies elected for a five year term.[6][20]

      The Constitution of Kabardino-Balkaria was adopted on September 1, 1997.


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      See also

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      References

      1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
      2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
      3. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/4338292.stm BBC:Country profile
      4. ^ Constitution, Article 78.1
      5. ^ Official website of the Head of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Biography (Russian)
      6. ^ a b Constitution, Article 11.1
      7. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01. 
      8. ^ a b c d e "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012. 
      9. ^ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
      10. ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
      11. ^ Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
      12. ^ Constitution, Article 76.1
      13. ^ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
      14. ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров." [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012. 
      15. ^ http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312
      16. ^ http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnkbr.html
      17. ^ http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
      18. ^ a b c Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
      19. ^ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
      20. ^ Constitution, Article 94.
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      Sources

      • Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. №28-РЗ 1 сентября 1997 г. «Конституция Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №39-РЗ от 10 июля 2008 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. #28-RZ September 1, 1997 Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, as amended by the Law #39-RZ of July 10, 2008. ).
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      Last modified on 5 June 2013, at 20:30